The paper discusses the connection between the deterministic and stochastic description of nonlinear, generally nonequilibrium systems. The fluctuations are treated in terms of a Markov process (master equation or Fokker­ Planck equation). For processes obeying the symmetry of generalized detailed balance (GDB), the deterministic flow is cast into a form exhibiting the maximum amount of informa...

A new class of identical particles which may exhibit both Bose and Fermi statistics with respective probabilities pb and pf is introduced. Such an uncertainity may be either an intrinsic property of a particle or can be viewed as an “experimental uncertainity”. Statistical equivalence of such particles and particles obeying parastatistics of infinite order is shown. Generalized statistical dist...

Asimov's three laws of robotics, which were shaped in the literary work of Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) and others, define a crucial code of behavior that fictional autonomous robots must obey as a condition for their integration into human society. While, general implementation of these laws in robots is widely considered impractical, limited-scope versions have been demonstrated and have proven u...

BACKGROUND It has been proposed that preimplantation embryo viability during culture and following embryo transfer is associated with a 'quiet' metabolism. Viable embryos may be better equipped to contend with damage to the genome, transcriptome and proteome, or they may possess less damage than non-viable embryos. METHODS Much of the data for the quiet embryo hypothesis was obtained in the h...

We consider a Weyssenhoff fluid assuming that the spacetime is homogeneous and isotropic, therefore being relevant for cosmological considerations of gravity theories with torsion. In this paper, it is explicitely shown that the Weyssenhoff fluids obeying the Frenkel condition or the Papapetrou-Corinaldesi condition are incompatible with the cosmological principle, which restricts the torsion t...