BACKGROUND The general practitioner in Norway is expected to ensure equity and effectiveness through fair rationing. At the same time, due to recent reforms of the Norwegian health care sector, both the role of economic incentives and patient autonomy have been strengthened. Studies indicate that modern general practitioners, both in Norway and in other countries are uncomfortable with the gate...

OBJECTIVES In the context of serious or life-limiting illness, pediatric patients and their families are faced with difficult decisions surrounding appropriate resuscitation efforts in the event of a cardiopulmonary arrest. Code status orders are one way to inform end-of-life medical decision making. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the extent to which pediatric providers have knowl...

Evaluating and selecting alternatives investment projects needs considering all relevant and important aspects. In traditional methods, the focus is just on tangible monetary criteria. Also in the traditional methods, either all the information’s about factors must be known precisely or sufficient objective data must be available for applying probability theory. In this paper, a combinative app...

Introduction: Ethical decision-making by nursing managers is influenced by various essential factors, such as courage, without which it is impossible to act on them. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing managers about courage in ethical decision-making. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted in Iran by a qualitative content analysis approach in 201...

We develop quantum fingerprinting technique for constructing quantum branching programs (QBPs), which are considered as circuits with an ability to use classical bits as control variables. We demonstrate our approach constructing optimal quantum ordered binary decision diagram (QOBDD) for MODm Boolean function. The construction of our technique also allows to extend the recent result of Ambaini...

We use a Ramsey-theoretic argument to obtain the first lower bounds for approximations over Zm by nonlinear polynomials: A degree-2 polynomial over Zm (m odd) must differ from the parity function on at least a 1=2 1=2(logn) (1) fraction of all points in the Boolean n-cube. A degree-O(1) polynomial over Zm (m odd) must differ from the parity function on at least a 1=2 o(1) fraction of all points...