In the development of a historical analysis on natural phenomenon electromagnetism, recurrently question appears subject: why does it take researchers about 2300 years to decipher, understand and then dominate apply electromagnetic for benefit human being? To answer this question, hypothesis Bacon's “idols” Bachelard's epistemological obstacle are presented. Both posed very correctly theory kno...

The grid obstacle representation, or alternately, ℓ1-obstacle representation of a graph G=(V,E) is an injective function f:V→Z2 and set point obstacles O on the points Z2 (where no vertex V has been mapped) such that uv edge in G if only there exists Manhattan path between f(u) f(v) avoiding f(V). This work shows planar graphs admit while exist some non-planar do not representation. Moreover, w...

UNLABELLED Detailed anatomy, crucial in modern high-definition diagnostics imaging, is a base for understanding diagnostic images and the nature of the diagnosed disease. THE AIM OF THIS PAPER is presentation of a new anatomical model of the rotator cuff, which includes definition of tendinous and capsule-ligamentous layers as equally important to rotator cuff function understanding. Schemati...

The classical polarimetric method has been widely used in liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) phase measurement with a simple optical setup. However, due to interference caused by LCoS cover glass reflections, the lacks accuracy for uniformity measurements. This paper is aimed at mathematically analyzing errors non-ideal reflections and proposing procedures reduce or eliminate such errors. discuss...

In the future, it’s not difficult to image that we will often come across many autonomous mobile robots traversing densely populated place we live in. In such situation, because the autonomous mobile robots need to carry out their tasks in a place with unknown obstacles, the obstacle avoidance is one of the important functions of the robots. With a view to implementation of autonomous mobile ro...

Sharp fronts observed by Chandra satellite between dense cool cluster cores moving with near-sonic velocity through the hotter intergalactic gas, require strong suppression of thermal conductivity across the boundary. This may be due to magnetic fields tangential to the contact surface separating the two plasma components. We point out that a super-Alfvenic motion of a plasma cloud (a core of a...