Income, education, occupation, age, sex, marital status, and ethnicity are all correlated with health in one context or another. This paper reflects on the difficulties encountered in deriving robust scientific conclusions from these correlations or drawing reliable policy applications. Interactions among the variables, nonlinearities, casual inference, and possible mechanisms of action are dis...

It is generally accepted that socio-economic status (SES) influences dietary habits as well as human health. Three main parameters have been most often used to define SES, i.e., occupation, education and income. These characteristics cover different aspects of the socio-economic structure of people. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the relationships between S...

The subjects for this study were male bar patrons in three Texas cities. Linear discriminant analysis was utilized to test the null hypothesis between each pair of subject groups on self-esteem, personal competence, self-acceptance, purpose in life, powerlessness, normlessness, social isolation, alienation, status concern, social responsibility, age, occupation, marital status, education, and a...

Socioeconomic status (SES) underlies three major determinants of health: health care, environmental exposure, and health behavior. In addition, chronic stress associated with lower SES may also increase morbidity and mortality. Reducing SES disparities in health will require policy initiatives addressing the components of socioeconomic status (income, education, and occupation) as well as the p...

BACKGROUND The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking behaviors may differ across countries. This study aimed to estimate the association between socioeconomic status (income, occupation and education) and multiple measures of smoking behaviors among the Chinese elderly population. METHODS Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2013, we exami...

OBJECTIVES The prevalence of aged individuals in the Korean workforce continues to increase. This research determined the health and working conditions of Korean older wage workers and confirmed the effects of factors on the health-related quality of life of Korean older workers. METHODS Of the 25,534 persons surveyed in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1368 o...

We leverage survey data from emerging and developing Asia to highlight different aspects of household vulnerability income shocks arising the Covid-19 pandemic: occupation in Cambodia, self-insurance mechanisms Nepal, financial Vietnam. Occupation ex-ante levels emerge as main drivers vulnerability. estimate that pandemic could have placed an additional 6 9 percent population each country a vul...

abstract introduction: neuro-occupation is one of the newest models in occupational therapy (ot). the nature of this model is based on the coexistence and dynamic interactions between brain’s neural system functions and engagement of an individual in occupations. neuro-occupation model holistically views the individual as a blending of neuroscience and occupation. the human brain is perceived t...