Processes of cobalt (Co) entrainment from shelf sediments over the Kerguelen Plateau were studied during the KEOPS (Kerguelen Ocean Plateau compared Study) in order to explain the exceptionally high dissolved cobalt concentrations that have been measured in the surface waters above the Kerguelen Plateau, and in intermediate and deep waters above its eastern slope. Lateral advection and dissolut...

Continental flood basalts and mid-ocean ridge (MOR) tholeiitic basalts have distinctly different 14 3 Ndf1 44 Nd which may permit a priori distinctwn between '"continental" and "oceanic" igneous rocks. Initial 14 3 NdJI 4 4 Nd of continental igneous rocks through time fall on a Sm/Nd evolution curve with chondritic REE abundance ratio. These observations indicate that many continental igneous r...

Two-thirds of Earth's surface is formed at mid-ocean ridges, yet sea-floor spreading events are poorly understood because they occur far beneath the ocean surface. At 9 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise, ocean-bottom seismometers recently recorded the microearthquake character of a mid-ocean ridge eruption, including precursory activity. A gradual ramp-up in activity rates since seismic mon...

Moist multi-scale models for the hurricane embryo ANDREW J. MAJDA1†, YULONG XING AND MAJID MOHAMMADIAN Department of Mathematics and Climate, Atmosphere and Ocean Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA Department of Mathematics, University...

New H2O, CO2 and S concentration data for basaltic glasses from ‘hotspot’, with temperature differences of 200°C or more between hotter upwelling plumes and the ambient mantle Loihi seamount, Hawaii, allow us to model degassing, assimilation, adiabat (e.g. White & McKenzie, 1989; Campbell, 1998; and the distribution of major volatiles within and around the Davies, 1998). In contrast, it has lon...

SUMMARY The continental Lomonosov Ridge spans across the Arctic Ocean and was subject of a geophysical study in 2016 with two seismic reflection lines crossing ridge proximity to North Pole, one which continues continent–ocean transition zone into Amundsen Basin. One station 15 sonobuoys were deployed along these record wide-angle reflections refractions for development crustal-scale velocity m...

Volcanic hotspots and mid-ocean ridge spreading centers are the surface expressions of upwelling in Earth's mantle convection system, and their interaction provides unique information on upwelling dynamics. I investigated the influence of the Iceland hotspot on the adjacent mid-Atlantic spreading center using phase-delay times of seismic surface waves, which show anomalous polarization anisotro...

In this thesis, the dynamic role of bottom topography in a #3-plane channel is systematically studied in both linear homogeneous and stratified layer models in the presence of either wind stress (Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 6) or buoyancy forcing (Chapter 5). In these studies, the structure of the geostrophic contour plays a fundamental role, and the role of bottom topography is looked at from two di...

Introduction: The North Qilian orogenic belt, as the Northern branch of original Tethys tectonic domain, is important for reconstructing evolution ancient Tethys. However, history belt remains controversial. This study addresses this issue from a geochemical perspective. Methods: In study, comprehensive analysis geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, clinopyroxene mineral zircon Ti crystalliza...