purpose: there are a few researches regarding the effects of islamic fasting on visual system. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ramadan fasting on the amplitude of accommodation (aa), near point of convergence (npc), positive and negative fusional vergences (pfv and nfv, respectively) in visually healthy fasters. methods: aa, npc, pfv and nfv at far (6m) and near (40cm) w...

cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is the most common parasitic disease transmitted by vectors in iran. cl is endemic in many urban and rural parts of iran and usually caused by two species of leishmania as l . major and l . tropica transmitted to humans from parasite reservoirs by the bite of female sandflies. we report a case of ocular leishmaniasis with eyelid involvement presentation. the patient...

purpose: to compare the efficacy of intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone with classic treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis. methods: in this prospective, randomized single-masked clinical trial a total of 68 patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups: 34 in the intravitreal clindamycin plus dexamethasone (ivcd) group and 34 in the classic treatmen...

purpose: to compare the effects of short-tem and long-term systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of confirmed ocular toxoplasmosis. methods: this randomized comparative clinical trial was performed on 69 patients with confirmed active ocular toxoplasmosis with typical clinical manifestations. the subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 10 days (group a, 33 cases) or 4-6 weeks (gro...

Nilam Aceh ‘Sidikalang’ (Acehnese Patchouli) merupakan salah satu anggota kelompok dari Lamiaceae, famili mint. Minyak aromatik yang biasa disebut juga dengan minyak patchouli dapat diproduksi daunnya, mana bernilai tinggi dalam industri parfum dan aromaterapi, karena wangi segar. memiliki variasi senyawa fitokimia efek terapeutik, seperti antimikroba, antidepresan, anti-inflamasi, antioksidan....

In eutherian mammals, sexual development hinges on the differentiation of the gonadal primordia into either testes or ovaries, in turn determined by the activity of the Y-linked gene Sry. Organogenesis of the gonads requires input from a complex network of morphogenetic signals, many of which are still uncharacterised. Homeobox genes are known to play important roles in embryo morphogenesis and...

The iris plays a key role in visual function. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye and falling on the retina and also operates in focal adjustment of closer objects. The iris is involved in circulation of the aqueous humor and hence functions in regulation of intraocular pressure. Intriguingly, iris pigmented cells possess the ability to transdifferentiate into different ocular cel...

Myc protooncogenes play important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and survival during development. In various developing organs, c-myc has been shown to control the expression of cell cycle regulators and its misregulated expression is detected in many human tumors. Here, we show that c-myc gene (Myc) is highly expressed in developing mouse lens. Targeted ...

The homeodomain and adjacent CVC domain in the visual system homeobox (VSX) proteins are conserved from nematodes to humans. Humans with missense mutations in these regions of VSX2 have microphthalmia, suggesting both regions are critical for function. To assess this, we generated the corresponding mutations in mouse Vsx2. The homeodomain mutant protein lacked DNA binding activity and the knock...