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The content of coronal material in the quiet Sun is not constant as soft X-ray and high-temperature EUV line observations have shown. New material, probably heated and evaporated from the chromosphere is occasionally injected even in the faintest parts above the magnetic network cell interiors. Assuming that the smaller events follow the pattern of the well observed larger ones, we estimate the...

New panel data from India are used to examine the relationship between farm size and productivity based on a model incorporating agency costs favoring family workers, scaledependent returns to mechanization arising from the fact that a larger contiguous land area is better-suited for high-capacity machinery, and falling credit costs with owned land. The model provides guidance for imputing the ...

This paper describes distortion calibration procedures for the SOHO/LASCO-C2 Coronagraph, based on in-orbit data and extensive image processing methods. It addresses specific problems of externally occulted coronagraphs (obstructed center of field-of-view, strong vignetting, and presence of stray light) and limitations inherent to space-based instrumentation (cosmic rays and limited number of r...

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in companies can be implemented to Multi National Corporation (MNC), Larger Enterprise, and Small & Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). In China, 99% of all companies can be categorized as SMEs. With a decade of high-speed economy development after entering the 21st century, traditional Chinese SMEs want to find a new management model to improve work effic...

The identification of flares in solar datasets implies using a thresholding process which excludes the majority of low-emission regions. In this paper we investigate a different measure of solar emission: the distribution of the total solar irradiance when integrated over the disk, obtained using extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray observations from the SOHO CELIAS/SEM instrument. We show that durin...

Database querying by various selection criteria can often confront a major limitation: the difficulty to realize and express precise criteria for locating the information. This happens because people do not always think and speak in precise terms, or they do not have details on the data range. The research community recently proposed a new way to query databases, more expressive and flexible th...

At altitudes of about 1.05 solar radii or more, the corona above quiet solar regions becomes essentially isothermal. This obviates many of the difficulties associated with the inverse problem of determining emission measure distributions, and allows for fairly straightforward relative element abundance measurements. We present new values for the He abundance. The first is based on a reanalysis ...

The use of e-commerce in small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has become an important topic in information systems research. At present, there is a large number of well-documented benefits derived from ecommerce for small-medium enterprises (SMEs) both in theoretical and practical literature. Despite the enormous attention given to encourage SMEs to adopt e-commerce both by academics as well a...

Aims. In this paper we investigate the dependence of umbral core brightness, as well as the mean umbral and penumbral brightness on the phase of the solar cycle and on the size of the sunspot. Methods. Albregtsen & Maltby (1978) reported an increase in umbral core brightness from the early to the late phase of solar cycle from the analysis of 13 sunspots which cover solar cycles 20 and 21. Here...