Chromium is one of the 25 most widespread elements in the Earth’s crust and occurs as an indelible non-volatile trace element in raw materials used in cement clinker production (clay, limestone and iron additives in particular). Chromium in raw materials mentioned above is mainly in form of trivalent chromium. Naturally occurring chromium (III) is not initially harmful, since it is chemically s...

The utilisation of industrial bi-products such as cement kiln dust (CKD) is of increasing importance as an option for stabilising contaminated sites due to its pozzolanic nature and also in view of minimising the environmental impact. The experimental programme was carried out in the present study to evaluate the efficacy of CKD as stabilising agent at different percentages 2%, 6%, and 14% (w/w...

Some of the current clinical and biomechanical data suggest that vertebroplasty causes the development of adjacent vertebral fractures shortly after augmentation. These findings have been attributed to high injection volumes as well as high Young's moduli of PMMA bone cements compared to that of the osteoporotic cancellous bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of castor oil as a p...

This study was designed to analyze the flow and distribution of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in vertebral body through computer simulation. Cadaveric lumbar vertebrae were scanned through electron beam tomography (EBT). The data was imported into Mimics software to build computational model. Vertebral body center and junction of pedicle and vertebral body were chosen as injection points. Silic...

in the present investigation, for the first time in iran, dewatered sludge waste from air heater washing wastewater treatment of a thermal power plant was subjected to investigation of the cement base stabilization and solidification experiments in order to reduce the mobility of heavy and other hazardous metals as well as increasing the compressive strength of the solidified product for possib...

Distal flow of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement during insertion of the femoral implant results in reduced pressure and cement-bone interdigitation (Markolf, Amstutz, 1976). Insertion of femoral cement plugs in the intramedullary canal to prevent distal flow of PMMA cement in total hip replacement during cementing of femoral prostheses is well accepted and has become current practice (...