The act of sniffing increases the air velocity and changes the duration of airflow in the nose. It is not yet clear how these changes interact with the intrinsic timing within the olfactory bulb, but this is a matter of current research activity. An action of sniffing in generating a high velocity that alters the sorption of odorants onto the lining of the nasal cavity is expected from the esta...

Citation: Salazar I (2015) The nasal cavity and its olfactory sensory territories. The sense of smell is more complex than previously believed. For different reasons, the receptors traditionally thought of having the ability to identify chemical olfactory signals were exclusively confined to the epithelium of the mucosa lining both the posterior part of the walls of the nasal cavity and the eth...

The olfactory epithelium (OE) of zebrafish is populated with ciliated and microvillar olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Whether distinct classes of odorants specifically activate either of these unique populations of OSNs is unknown. Previously we demonstrated that zebrafish OSNs could be labeled in an activity-dependent fashion by amino acid but not bile acid odorants. To determine which senso...

Cytotoxicity in the nasal epithelium is frequently observed in rodents exposed to volatile organic acids and esters by inhalation. An interspecies, hybrid computational fluid dynamics and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (CFD-PBPK) dosimetry model for inhaled ethyl acrylate (EA) is available for estimating internal dose measures for EA, its metabolite acrylic acid (AA), and EA-mediated red...

The position of the olfactory placodes suggests that these epithelial thickenings might provide morphogenetic information to the adjacent facial mesenchyme. To test this, we performed in ovo manipulations of the nasal placode in the avian embryo. Extirpation of placodal epithelium or placement of barriers on the lateral side of the placode revealed that the main influence is on the lateral nasa...

Manganese is of growing concern as a toxic air pollutant. It is readily transported from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, and unlike other metals, it is transported transynaptically to structures deep within the brain. However, little is known regarding the possible effect of nonoccupational exposure to manganese on olfactory function. Using the Sniffin' Sticks test battery, we c...

We have previously shown that p26olf is a novel S100-like Ca(2+)-binding protein in the frog olfactory epithelium. In this paper, we characterized the Ca(2+) binding property of p26olf, examined the precise localization in the frog olfactory epithelium, and searched for the possible target proteins of p26olf. By flow dialysis experiments using (45)Ca, p26olf was suggested to bind approximately ...

A correlation between the length of the olfactory cilia and the electrical activity of the olfactory epithelium was studied in newts living in water and on land. The olfactory cilia grew when newts were transferred onto land. The cilia in the olfactory bud became longest in 108 hours after the transfer and then became shorter, while those in the interstitium only gradually elongated. Slow poten...

As odorant receptors (ORs) are thought to be critical determinants of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axon targeting and organization, we examined the spatiotemporal onset of mice ORs expression from the differentiation of OSNs in the olfactory placode to an aging olfactory epithelium. ORs were first detected in the placode at embryonic day 9 (E9), at the onset of OSN differentiation but before ...