Substantial evidence supports an association between ambient air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM*) and ozone (O3), and acute cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity. There is increasing interest in accountability research to evaluate whether actions taken to reduce air pollution will result in reduced morbidity. This study capitalized on a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the types and intensity connection between amount state funding for various programmes in sport invested by Croatian Olympic Committee from 2001 until 2016 international sporting success athletes. A 12 independent variables (funds 33 summer sports (24 individual 9 team sports) broken down 8 specific programmes, as well number athletes coaches diffe...

The aim of this study was two-fold: i) to analyse age-related declines in swimming, cycling, and running performances for Olympic and Ironman triathlons, and ii) to compare age-related changes in these three disciplines between the Olympic and Ironman triathlons. Swimming, cycling, running and total time performances of the top 10 males between 20 and 70 years of age (in 5 years intervals) were...

As the Olympic Games developed and their popularity and relevance grew, winning medals also became important and a matter of national and political prestige. Despite the International Olympic Committee’s refusal to recognize country rankings by medals, the medal table is updated on a regular basis and plays a dominant role in media coverage and public interest (Rathke & Woitek, 2007). This has ...

AIM To compare the overall and disease-specific mortality of Croatian male athletes who won one or more Olympic medals representing Yugoslavia from 1948 to 1988 or Croatia from 1992 to 2016, and the general Croatian male population standardized by age and time period. METHODS All 233 Croatian male Olympic medalists were included in the study. Information on life duration and cause of death fo...

Author for correspondence: Dr Gam Lay Harn School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Tel: 604-6533888 ext 2208 Fax: 604-6570017 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract As a consequence of the abused of human chorionic gonadotropin αhCG) by male athletes, a reliable detection method for βhCG is highly desired in sport testing. hCG is misused by m...

one at the concentration of 7 pg/mg. This result was not challenged by the athlete. Nandrolone has also been identified by this laboratory in the hair of bodybuilders, in concentrations of 1–7 pg/mg (8 ). NA and noretiocholanolone were not detected in any hair. The sensitive, specific, and reproducible method developed appears to be suitable for the detection and quantification of 19-norsteroid...

Use of performance-enhancing supplements occurs at all levels of sports, from professional athletes to junior high school students. Although some supplements do enhance athletic performance, many have no proven benefits and have serious adverse effects. Anabolic steroids and ephedrine have life-threatening adverse effects and are prohibited by the International Olympic Committee and the Nationa...

Objective. To describe the prevalence, localisation and sports distribution of pelvic avulsion fractures in adolescent competitive athletes. Design and patients. One thousand two hundred and thirty eight radiographs of the pelvis taken in athletes (11-35 age ranging) attained for focal traumatic symptoms, performed in 22 years (1976-1998) and filed at the Radiology Department of the Sports Scie...