context: metaparadigm of nursing is one of the nursing discipline challenges of the present century, which should take into consideration the diversity of different cultures and viewpoints. purpose: the purpose of this study is to evolve the concept of “nursing” (one of the concepts in nursing metaparadigm) on the basis of the islamic scholars’ view. materials and methods: in this philosophical...

In the field of oncologic imaging, MRI represents one most powerful diagnostic tools at physicians’ disposal, with its superb contrast resolution and capability to assess both morphological functional features neoplasms [...]

A surgical oncologist should teach at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, play a leadership role in oncology in either the community hospital or in an academic institution, encourage or participate in basic or clinical oncologic research, and foster interdisciplinary cooperation with the other oncologic specialists. The surgical oncologist should take an active role in educating the genera...

Laparoscopic techniques have been extensively used for the surgical management of colorectal cancer during the last two decades. Accumulating data have demonstrated that laparoscopic colectomy is associated with better short-term outcomes and equivalent oncologic outcomes when compared with open surgery. However, some controversies regarding the oncologic quality of mini-invasive surgery for re...

Ultrasound elastography (USE) is a rapidly developing field of imaging that measures and displays tissue elasticity or stiffness properties using ultrasound. In recent years, real-time USE modes have appeared on commercially available clinical ultrasound machines, stimulating an explosion of research into potential oncologic and non-oncologic clinical applications of USE. Preliminary evidence s...