Abstract The most commonly transcribed non-coding RNA class is long RNAs (lncRNAs) in mammalian genomes, yet the majority of them remain understudied. In our studies, we have identified a mouse lncRNA unknown function named U90926, whose expression greatly induced upon TLR-stimulation macrophages Myd88- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner. To characterize this gene, generated global U90926-knockout (...

Small upstream open reading frames (ORFs) or minicistrons located in the 5' leader of eukaryotic mRNAs have been shown to play a role in translational regulation of some eukaryotic genes, particularly mammalian proto-oncogenes. A survey of the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome suggests that at least 10 transcripts from late genes contain potential ...

The two satellite RNAs associated with CYMV infections were sequenced. The larger (sCYMV-L1) has only linear molecules 1145 nucleotides long, a poly(A) tail, a long open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of Mr 39,636 resembling in composition those of other large nepovirus satellite RNAs, a 5' leader sequence of 16 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding region of 40 nucleotides. In vitro transl...

The expression of the neutral protease gene (npr) from the thermophilic Bacillus sp. BT1 strain was studied in its natural host and in mesophilic Bacillus subtilis. In the thermophilic BT1 strain, the transcription of the protease gene is initiated from its own promoter, just 5' to the gene. In contrast, in heterologous B. subtilis this thermophilic npr promoter does not function, and expressio...

A new method was developed to identify and differentiate varicella-zoster virus (VZV) wild-type strains from the attenuated varicella Oka vaccine strain. The PCR technique was used to amplify a VZV open reading frame (ORF) 62 region. A single specific amplicon of 268 bp was obtained from 71 VZV clinical isolates and several laboratory strains. Subsequent digestion of the VZV ORF 62 amplicons wi...

The gene for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase (aroA) cloned from Campylobacter jejuni (Cj) strain 81116 was identified by complementation of an Escherichia coli (Ec) auxotrophic aroA mutant. The Cj aroA gene has been sequenced. It encodes an enzyme of 428 amino acids (aa), that is homologous to other bacterial EPSP synthases, especially that of Bacillus subtilis with which it ...

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) belongs to Luteovirus and is limited only at phloem related tissues. An open reading frame (ORF) 4 of BYDV codes for the movement protein (MP) of BYDV gating plasmodesmata (PD) to facilitate virus movement. Like other Luteoviruses, ORF 4 of BYDV is embedded in the ORF3 but expressed from the different reading frame in leaky scanning manner. Although MP is a very...

PA-X is a fusion protein of influenza A virus encoded in part from a +1 frameshifted X open reading frame (X-ORF) in segment 3. We show that the X-ORFs of diverse influenza A viruses can be divided into two groups that differ in selection pressure and likely function, reflected in the presence of an internal stop codon and a change in synonymous diversity. Notably, truncated forms of PA-X evolv...

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a lethal immunopathological disease caused by feline coronaviruses (FCoVs). Here, we describe a reverse genetics approach to study FIP by assessing the pathogenicity of recombinant type I and type II and chimeric type I/type II FCoVs. All recombinant FCoVs established productive infection in cats, and recombinant type II FCoV (strain 79-1146) induced FIP. ...

Objective: To test the efficacy of Ingelvac PRRS ATP (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, St Joseph, Missouri), a modified live virus (MLV) vaccine, to protect against respiratory disease and lesions induced by challenge of growing pigs with one of three porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field isolates (SDSU73, VR2385, and Mn-01-A1). On the basis of genome sequencing o...