the computational method based on using the operational matrix of anorthogonal function for solving variational problems is computeroriented. in this approach, a truncated hartley series together withthe operational matrix of integration and integration of the crossproduct of two cas vectors are used for finding the solution ofvariational problems. two illustrative examples are included todemon...

In this paper the on-going process of integration of tools from process and product design with concepts of microeconomics and finances is discussed. The paper focuses in two such integrations. It is first shown that financial risk considerations can alter the decisions made in a project or in process operations. Then it is shown that some parameters that used to be considered data by PSE model...

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Recently, some researches have been carried out in the context of using data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to generate local weights of alternatives from pairwise comparison matrices used in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). One of these models is the DEAHP. The main drawback of the DEAHP is that it generates counter-intuitive priority vectors for inconsistent pairwise comparison matric...

Recently, a novel framework to handle stochastic processes has emerged from a series of studies in biology, showing situations beyond ‘Itô versus Stratonovich’. Its internal consistency can be demonstrated via the zero mass limit of a generalized Klein–Kramers equation. Moreover, the connection to other integrations becomes evident: the obtained Fokker–Planck equation defines a new type of stoc...

this study presents a comparative survey of direct methods for solving variational problems. thisproblems can be used to solve various differential equations in physics and chemistry like rateequation for a chemical reaction. there are procedures that any type of a differential equation isconvertible to a variational problem. therefore finding the solution of a differential equation isequivalen...

The Department of Defense doctrine of “train as you would fight” exemplifies the military’s focus on training as a key component in the preparation of today’s warfighter. The positive result of implementing this doctrine has been clearly demonstrated. The costs of implementing training programs, however, have been high. Simulations have historically supported this training by augmenting and sup...