Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an ocular condition that frequently manifests with thyroid disfunction, and the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It involves organ specific autoimmune reaction can affect gland, orbital periorbital tissue. The primarily affects women it commonest cause unilateral bilateral axial proptosis in young middle -aged adults. clinic...

Thyroid eye disease (also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy) is a complex orbital inflammatory disease, which can be sight threatening, debilitating and disfiguring. This overview discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, presentation, ophthalmic clinical features, investigations and treatment of thyroid eye disease.

Objective: The relationship between autoimmunity and allergy is well known. The immunoregulation can be modified towards T helper 2 dominance by cytokines and regulatory T cells, which participate in both diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases possess different immunoregulatory and sympathoadrenal activity, whose features can be reflected by their association with allergic attacks and the degree...