Metabonomics and its many pseudonyms (metabolomics, metabolic profiling, etc.) have exploded onto the scientific scene in the past 2 to 3 years. Nowhere has the impact been more profound than within the toxicology community. Within this community there exists a great deal of uncertainty about whether metabonomics is something to count on or just the most recent technological flash in the pan. M...

Recent advances in analytical techniques have enabled the detection of drugs and drug metabolites in alternative biological specimens for the purposes of workplace testing. A wide variety of specimens are available, each providing valuable information concerning prior or current drug use. The present focus is on oral fluid (saliva), hair, and sweat. An extensive evaluation by the Division of Wo...

BACKGROUND The safety of opiate use for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) has long been a concern. The recent Crohn's therapy, resource, evaluation, and assessment tool (TREAT) registry update has added to these concerns by demonstrating an association of opiate use with an increased risk of infection and death in CD. While the association is clear, the relationship of opiates to these negativ...

65 The decreased sensitivity to clonidine would appear to be an important and reversible sign of withdrawal in the guinea-pig ileum. Such interactions between opiate receptors and a-adren-ergic receptors do not appear to occur in the mouse vas deferens (Gillan et al., 1979). However, vasa deferentia from rats treated chronically with clonidine showed lower sensitivity to the inhibitory effects ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database. PARTICIPANTS Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptio...

The effects of iontophoretically applied opiates were tested on 24 spinothalamic tract cells in 12 anesthetized monkeys. The drugs used were chosen because of their agonist actions on different classes of opiate receptors (mu, morphine; kappa, dynorphin; delta, methionine enkephalinamide; sigma, N-allylnormetazocine or SKF 10047 and phencyclidine). The actions of the opiate drugs were generally...