Current has been passed through the cell membrane of muscle fibres of the isolated rabbit right ventricle with the aid of intraceUular doublebarrelled microelectrodes. Two types of muscle fibres were distinguished which are called P and V fibres. The relation between the intensity of a hyperpolarising current applied during the rising phase and the maximum amplitude of the action potential was ...

Lead-gallium-bismuth (PGB) is a non-silica based glass that can be used in the fabrication of optical fibre with high nonlinearity, low transmission loss, high thermal stability, and a broad transparency window. With a nonlinearity two orders higher than that of the fluoride based fibres, it has attracted much attention worldwide for its potential application in the mid-infrared region, particu...

Graphene is a highly versatile two-dimensional material platform that offers exceptional optical and electrical properties. Of these, its dynamic conductivity and low effective carrier mass are of particular interest for optoelectronic applications as they underpin the material's broadband nonlinear optical absorption and ultra-fast carrier mobility, respectively. In this paper, we utilize thes...

Graphene and its derivatives have become the most explored materials since Novoselov and Geim (Nobel Prize winners for Physics in 2010) achieved its isolation in 2004. The exceptional properties of graphene have attracted the attention of the scientific community from different research fields, generating high impact not only in scientific journals, but also in general-interest newspapers. Opti...

An important group of nonlinear processes in optical fibre involves the mixing of four waves due to the intensity dependence of the refractive index. It is customary to distinguish between nonlinear effects that require external/pumping waves (cross-phase modulation and parametric processes such as four-wave mixing) and self-action of the propagating optical field (self-phase modulation and mod...

In this paper, a low cost 3x3 coupler Mach-Zehnder interferometric optical fibre vibration sensor is proposed. Unlike traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a strain free reference arm, two parallel optical fibres with different strain transfer sensitivity is adopted. With proper demodulation algorithm, the time rate of change of the strain can be computed from the light signal of the out...

We present an analysis of the long-term stability of fibre-optic transmission properties for fibre optics in astronomy. Data from 6 years of operation of the AAOmega multi-object spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope are presented. We find no evidence for significant degradation in the bulk transmission properties of the 38-m optical fibre train. Significant losses (≤20 per cent relati...

Recently, evidence for synchrotron emission in both black-hole (BH) and neutron star X-ray binaries has been mounting, from optical/infrared spectral, polarimetric, and fast timing signatures. The synchrotron emission of jets can be highly linearly polarised, depending on the configuration of the magnetic field (B-field). Optical and infrared (OIR) polarimetric observations of X-ray binaries ar...

A dielectric fibre with a refractive index higher than its surrounding region is a form of dielectric waveguide which represents a possible medium for the guided transmission of energy at optical frequencies. The particular type of dielectric-fibre waveguide discussed is one with a circular cross-section. The choice of the mode of propagation for a fibre waveguide used for communication purpose...

Our work deals with a new approach to improve the beam quality of diode lasers, which is still insufficient for many applications. We propose time-multiplexing, where several pulsed laser diode beams are guided onto a common optical path. This allows to superpose the power of the diodes while maintaining the beam parameter product of a single laser diode. Pulsed operation of continuous wave las...