نتایج جستجو برای: optical instrument
تعداد نتایج: 346252 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
A long-standing solar problem has been to measure the coronal magnetic field. We believe it determines the coronal structure and dynamics from the upper chromosphere out into the heliospheric environment. It is only recently that Zeeman splitting observations of infrared coronal emission lines have been successfully used to deduce the coronal magnetic flux density. Here we extend this technique...
The optical volume scattering function (VSF) of seawater is a fundamental property used in the calculation of radiative transfer for applications in the study of the upper-ocean heat balance, the photosynthetic productivity of the ocean, and the chemical transformation of photoreactive compounds. A new instrument to simultaneously measure the VSF in seven directions between 20° to 160°, the att...
On 1st of March 2002 ENVISAT with SCIAMACHY on-board was launched successfully in a sun-synchronous polar orbit. SCIAMACHY is a passive remote sensing instrument, which measures solar back scattered and reflected light from the atmosphere in nadir and limb viewing geometries during the majority of an orbit. In addition solar and lunar occultation measurements will be performed regularly. Measur...
Remote sensing of aerosol optical properties is difficult, but multi-angle, multi-spectral, polarimetric instruments have the potential to retrieve sufficient information about aerosols that they can be used to improve global climate models. However, the complexity of these instruments means that it is difficult to intuitively understand the relationship between instrument design and retrieval ...
Based on compelling epidemiologic and corroboratory in vitro studies, carotenoids are thought to have great potential as dietary prevention against cancer. Yet, carotenoid-based chemopreventive trials have found very contradictory results. Definitive conclusions from these trials are hampered by an inability to accurately and safely measure carotenoids in specific tissues at risk of cancer deve...
A hand-held, battery-powered Fourier transform infrared spectroradiometer weighing 12.5 kg has been developed for the field measurement of spectral radiance from the Earth's surface and atmosphere in the 3-5-µm and 8-14-µm atmospheric windows, with a 6-cm(-1) spectral resolution. Other versions of this instrument measure spectral radiance between 0.4 and 20 µm, using different optical materials...
A simple analytical system suitable for nephelometric measurements is introduced in this article. The electronic and optical components are simplified so that the apparatus is easily assembled from materials that are generally available. This instrument is designed for the efficient measurement of anions, and microgram quantities of ions may be determined by a convenient method of titration...
We describe a novel frequency-domain photon migration instrument employing direct diode laser modulation and avalanche photodiode detection, which is capable of noninvasively determinating the optical properties of biological tissues in near real time. An infinite medium diffusion model was used to extract absorption and transport scattering coefficients from 300-kHz to 800-MHz photon-density w...
1 The Optima XL-I integrates both absorbance and interference optics on a single instrument; the Optima XL-A has absorbance optics only. 2 This optical system is called by a variety of names (Rayleigh optics, interference optics, and refractive optics). The names can be used interchangeably but it will be referred to here as Rayleigh interference optics. Choosing Which Optical System of the Opt...
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