Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women, and it arises from cells that originate in the cervix uteri. Among several causes of cervical malignancies, infection with some types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is well known to be the greatest cervical cancer risk factor. Over 150 subtypes of HPV have been identified; more than 40 types of HPVs are typically transmitted throu...

with the plasmid dna from a clinical isolate of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) h 10407 as template, pcr-mediated cloning of the sequence encoding the heat-labile toxin b subunit (l t -b) has been carried out. then this sequence was recloned into the ptrc 99a and pet23a expression vectors to give the pjasmids ptrcltb and petltb, respectively. after induction, the former plasmid provides...

Mucosal surfaces are the first site of infection for most infectious diseases and oral vaccination can provide protection as line defense. Unlike systemic administration, immunization stimulate cellular humoral immune responses at both mucosal levels to induce broad-spectrum long-lasting immunity. Therefore, design a successful vaccine, it is essential well responses. Successful vaccines need o...

Vaccination has been extensively used to prevent, eradicate and control infectious diseases. However, the development and implementation of new vaccines remains prohibitively expensive for middle and low income countries where such measures are surely needed most. The production of plant-based vaccines provides a promising alternative to create affordable biological products. In the past decade...

Stable integration of a gene into the plant nuclear or chloroplast genome can transform higher plants (e.g. tobacco, potato, tomato, banana) into bioreactors for the production of subunit vaccines for oral or parental administration. This can also be achieved by using recombinant plant viruses as transient expression vectors in infected plants. The use of plant-derived vaccines may overcome som...