Certain proteins from 'growth factor' families can initiate mesodermal development in animal cap cells of the amphibian blastula. Cells that are in early stages of their response to one such factor, XTC-MIF (Smith et al. 1988), initiate the formation of a new axial body plan when grafted to the ventral marginal zone of a similarly aged host embryo (Cooke et al. 1987). This replicates the natura...

Conditions of applicability of the laws established for thermodynamic entropy do not necessarily fit to the entropy defined for information. Therefore, one must handle carefully the informational conclusions derived by mathematical analogies from the laws that hold for thermodynamic entropy. Entropy, and the arrow of its change are closely related to the arrows of the change of symmetry and of ...

The striatum is known to have a compartmental organization in which histochemically defined zones called striosomes form branched 3-dimensional labyrinths embedded within the surrounding matrix. We explored how fiber projections from cortical somatic sensory areas representing cutaneous and deep-receptor inputs are organized in relation to this striatal architecture. Areas SI and 3a were mapped...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore positive and negative preferences towards problem-based learning in relation to personality traits and socio-cultural context. METHODS The study was an anonymous and voluntary cross-sectional survey of medical students (N=449) in hybrid problem-based curricula in Nepal, Norway and North Dakota. Data was collected on gender, age, year of study, co...

The mechanism of vesicle-to-micelle or micelle-to-vesicle transition was studied in order to control sizes and fluidities of vesicles during periods of preparation. Dependence of particle sizes measured by quasi-elastic light scattering, turbidities, fluidity parameters monitored by ESR spectroscopy, and morphological changes of mixed aggregates of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and a deter...

Detailed microelectrode maps of the hand representation were derived in cortical areas 3b and 1 from a series of normal adult owl and squirrel monkeys. While overlap relationships were maintained, and all maps were internally topographic, many map features varied significantly when examined in detail. Variable features of the hand representations among different monkeys included a) the overall ...

Circulating testosterone (T) and GH/IGF-I are diminished in healthy aging men. Short-term administration of high doses of T augments GH secretion in older men. However, effects of long-term, low-dose T supplementation on GH secretion are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate effects of long-term, low-dose T administration on nocturnal GH secretory dynamics and AM concentrations of IGF-I and IG...

Placenta-derived hormones including growth hormone (GH) in humans contribute to maternal adaptation to pregnancy, and intermittent maternal GH administration increases foetal growth in several species. Both patterns and abundance of circulating GH are important for its activity, but their changes during pregnancy have only been reported in humans and rats. The aim of the present study was to ch...

The neonatal gonadal steroid milieu is known to be important in imprinting the striking sexual dimorphism of growth hormone (GH) secretion; however, the influence of the sex steroids on GH control in adult life and their mechanism/site of action are largely unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone (T) subserves the gender-specific regularity of the GH release pr...

The authors of the article focus on changes related to education. Education is considered as a communicative construct arising from process symbolic interaction between individuals who establish meanings when coordinating their statements. generation situations and orders knowledge interpreted educational semiosis. Analyzed discourse modern humanities which are competing with each other in dete...