How do organizations reconcile the cross-pressures of conformity and differentiation? Existing research predominantly conceptualizes identity as something an organization has by virtue products or services it offers. Drawing on constructivist theories, we argue that organizational members’ interactions with external audiences also dynamically produce identity. We call extent to which such diver...

This paper explores accountability and identity in the context of public philanthropic foundations. While foundations are an important diverse group, their have been assumed rather than systematically considered explored. The development a typology drawing on concepts from identity, stakeholder theories highlights variations across three key dimensions: strategic focus, independence impact focu...