INTRODUCTION Patients experience pain and discomfort during active orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Pain is considered a subjective response to noxious stimuli. It can vary from person to person and is influenced by certain factors such as age, gender, previous pain experiences, stress or anxiety, and type of appliance. OBJECTIVE The objective of this literature review was to disc...

Maintaining the treatment results following orthodontic treatment is one of the most important aspects of the entire orthodontic treatment process. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the uses of Hawley and clear overlay orthodontic retainers relative to changes in overjet, overbite, intermolar width, intercanine width, and arch length measurements. These measurements w...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the microbial changes in children with fixed orthodontic appliances compared with a control group of children without orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-five children, aged between 12 and 16 years, participated in this study. Forty-eight subjects were fitted with fixed orthodontic appliances and forty-seven were free of any such ap...

Melancholy with dento-facial appearance is the main reason for seeking orthodontic treatment. Growth modification is difficult to achieve in skeletally mature patients thus it is very common challenge for the orthodontics to treat such subject without camouflage therapy. In skeletally mature subjects the treatment only depends on tooth movement, the desired results can be achieved alone or alon...

INTRODUCTION Combined treatment offers advantages for partially edentulous patients. Conventional implants, used as orthodontic anchorage, enable previous orthodontic movement, which provides appropriate space gain for crown insertion. OBJECTIVE This case report describes the treatment of a 61-year and 10-month-old patient with negative overjet which made ideal prosthetic rehabilitation impos...

INTRODUCTION Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a birth defect involving craniofacial structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. Although it is a relatively uncommon malformation, it is the second most common craniofacial birth defect after cleft lip and palate (CL/P). CASE PRESENTATION This is a case report about the successful orthodontic treatment of a patient with mild hem...

Although maxillary central incisors impaction is not a high frequent clinical condition, it is responsible for some undesirable aspects of patients smile from esthetic and functional points of view. There are some etiologic factors associated to this dental disturbance but the scientific literature is consensual on determining the importance of the early diagnosis and proper intervention. This ...