Kanamycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that inhibits protein synthesis. Previous studies have shown that treatment with sublethal levels of kanamycin causes the extracellular polysaccharide capsule in E. coli B23 to increase in size, and potentially confers the bacterium with kanamycin resistance. This study attempted to confirm this by establishing that inc...

Preamble van't Hoff, a world-renowned scientist, studied and worked on the osmotic pressure and chemical dynamics research to win the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry. For more than a century, his osmotic pressure formula has been written in the physical chemistry textbooks around the world and has been generally considered to be "impeccable" classical theory. But after years of research authors ...

Research applications of osmotic dehydration to food processing in technology and in component transfer mechanisms are being carried out in several countries. Osmotic dehydration is a traditional process applied to food dewatering. It leads to attractive products that are ready to eat or can be applied as a pretreatment to the next process such as drying or freezing. The new osmotically dehydra...

Numerous contributions regarding the pathogenesis of ascites and edema have been made since Starling's first description of the balance between serum and tissue hydrostatic and osmotic forces. The original concept (1) proposed that, at equilibrium, serum protein osmotic pressure minus tissue fluid osmotic pressure equals capillary hydrostatic pressure minus tissue hydrostatic pressure. Direct a...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Delayed gastric emptying is a significant factor in incomplete small bowel capsule examinations. Gastric transit could be hastened by external magnetic control of the capsule. We studied the feasibility of this approach to improve capsule endoscopy completion rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial involving 122 patients at...

BACKGROUND A detailed description of the vascular anatomy of the shoulder capsule is lacking, yet surgical procedures may put this capsular blood supply at risk. We hypothesized that a hypovascular area is present in the capsule. The purpose of the present study was to describe the vascular anatomy of the human glenohumeral capsule and ligaments and its relevance to surgical treatment of the sh...

Salt and drought stress signal transduction consists of ionic and osmotic homeostasis signaling pathways, detoxification (i.e., damage control and repair) response pathways, and pathways for growth regulation. The ionic aspect of salt stress is signaled via the SOS pathway where a calcium-responsive SOS3-SOS2 protein kinase complex controls the expression and activity of ion transporters such a...