Four different cell models were chosen for comparison of OTA and OTB toxicity: primary porcine (PKC), rat (RPTC) and human renal proximal epithelial cells (HKC) from both sexes and a porcine renal cell line: LLC-PK1. Culture conditions were tested and optimized for each respective cell type (species/sex and origin). All cell types were characterized for epithelial origin and growth patterns and...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin that contaminates food and agricultural products. Sequencing of the complete genome of Aspergillus westerdijkiae, a major producer of OTA, reveals more than 50 biosynthetic gene clusters, including a putative OTA biosynthetic gene cluster that encodes a dozen of enzymes, transporters, and regulatory proteins.

A label-free, direct and noncompetitive homogeneous immunoassay, in which ochratoxin A (OTA) coupled with the anti-OTA antibody participates in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), was developed for the detection of OTA with great specificity and a detection limit of 1 ng mL(-1).

Ochratoxin A (OTA) was extracted from 84 rice samples and rice products by using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and analysed with liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Samples were collected from rice cultivars, local markets and supermarkets; 64 were of non-organic and 20 of organic production. 7.8% of non-organic samples had OTA levels from 4.3 to 27.3 microg/kg and...

A novel CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is presented, using a fully differential singlestage core OTA as input stage and a differential to single current converter as output stage, each biased at a separate current level. A large gain-bandwidth (GBW) product (2.7 MHz) and a high slew-rate (5 V//.LS) can be obtained by applying a large bias current to the core OTA. Due to the c...

Harvested longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit are susceptible to decay caused by both bacterial and fungal infections. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a kind of mycotoxin produced by a number of fungi. In this study, OTA was extracted from longan fruit pulp by 80% methanol and then loaded on C-18 solid-phase extraction columns. The extract solution was then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromato...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a thermostable mycotoxin that contaminates a great variety of foodstuffs. It is nephrotoxic in all of the mammalian species tested, the pig being the most sensitive one; among rodents, rats are the most susceptible to OTA carcinogenicity. Kinetics, by studying the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics, is an important tool in the extrapolation o...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin with carcinogenic properties. Its presence was detected in various foodstuffs all over the world but with significantly higher frequency and concentrations in areas with endemic nephropathy (EN). Even though food is often contaminated with more than one mycotoxin, earlier studies focused on the occurrence and toxicology of only OTA. Only a limited n...

An ultra-low power OTA-C bandpass filter is presented in this paper. An 1-150 Hz 4-th order OTC-C bandpass filter is design which is suitable for ECG application. A subthreshold region OTA is designed with current cancellation technology to achieve a very small transconductance. The OTA-C filter is design with TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process. The MIM capacitor is used in this design. The supply of the...

PURPOSE The incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise, but what is causing that trend has remained a mystery. Mycotoxins are almost entirely ignored health problems, and sometimes actually naively belittled in advanced medical care. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most abundant food contaminating mycotoxins worldwide that is carcinogenic, but no studies have evaluated its leve...