Background: Injuries to the recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RLN) remain one of major post-operative complications after thyroid surgery. In studies, temporary RLN damage during thyroidectomy is %2-11, and rate permanent %0.6-1.6. Complementary thyroidectomies have a higher complication compared first surgical procedure. last two decades, intraoperative neural monitoring has become powerful ...

The Type Indeterminacy model is a theoretical framework that uses some elements of quantum formalism to model the constructive preference perspective suggested by Kahneman and Tversky. In a dynamic decision context, type indeterminacy induces a game with multiple selves associated with a state transition process. We define a Markov perfect equilibrium among the selves with individual identity (...

I argue against two popular claims. The first is a descriptive, empirical claim about the nature of ordinary human experience which I call the psychological Narrativity thesis (PNT). According to PNT, 'each of us constructs and lives a "narrative" … this narrative is us, our identities' (Sacks O. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. London: Duckworth; 1985, 110). The second is a normative, e...

purpose:the purpose of the present study is to determine the level of knowledge sharing and creativity and the relationship between them. among libraries’ librarians tarbiat modares university in 1392. methodology : the methodology applied for the present study is descriptive-correlation .  the study population included 50 librarians and libraries of humanities, engineering and the central libr...

Current public discourse calls for America to act more interdependently in the world or act more like a conjoint agent. America and American selves, however, are typically associated acting independently or disjoint agency. Since nation is a significant sociocultural source of self, the authors examine what happens to American selves if America is instead associated with conjoint agency. Study ...

A.N. Prior’s (1960) famous counterexamples to ethical autonomy involve cases where nonnormative premises entail a normative conclusion. Consider, for example, a normative claim N and a non-normative claim M. If N v M is non-normative, then the non-normative ~M & (N v M) entails the normative N. If the disjunction is normative, then it is entailed by the non-normative M. The entailments are impe...

This paper offers two new arguments for a version of Reflection, the principle that says, roughly, that if one knew now what one would believe in the future, one ought to believe it now. The most prominent existing argument for the principle is the coherence-based Dutch Strategy argument advanced by Bas van Fraassen (and others). My two arguments are quite different. The first is a truthbased a...