OBJECTIVES To determine whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is related to substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood and whether conduct disorder (CD) mediates this relationship. DESIGN A prospective design incorporating 5 assessments in participants spanning the mean ages of 14 to 37 years. Two baseline assessments were taken at ages 14 and 16 years, and 3...

Objectives—To determine whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescence (ADHD) is related to substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood, and whether conduct disorder (CD) mediates this relationship. Design—A prospective design incorporating five assessments, spanning the mean ages of 14 to 37. Two baseline assessments were taken at ages 14 and 16, and three outcome assessments ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of corticosteroid injections into the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (CMCJ) in patients with osteoarthritis. DESIGN A double blind, randomised controlled trial using 40 hospital referred patients with CMCJ osteoarthritis who received intra-articular injections of 5 mg triamcinolone hexacetonide (0.25 ml) or sterile 0.9% saline (0.25 ml). Injections we...

neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that preclinical dementia accompanies a decreasing trend in cognitive state a few years prior to clinical diagnosis. sudden decline in episodic memory and semantic knowledge have been found to have the capability to differentiate patients in preclinical state of dementia from those experiencing normal aging. in addition, decline in episodic memory is...

SIR—Dysphagia has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes after stroke, especially in the first few months [1]. The recent article by Smithard et al. [2] aims to address possible effects on long-term outcome, suggesting that there may be a correlation with increased institutionalisation. This is an important finding because it serves to highlight further the clinical significance of dysp...

The management of posttraumatic vascular injury that presents after 8 h, or "ultra-time vascular injury", is daunting, and inciting recognition of this injury is vital. We retrospectively analyzed 29 patients with ultra-time vascular injuries to determine the patients' demographic characteristics and identify the determinants for amputation and disability. The age distribution of the high-risk ...

BACKGROUND It is unclear what psychological help should be offered in the aftermath of traumatic events. Similarly, there is a lack of clarity about the best way of identifying people who are unlikely to recover from early posttraumatic symptoms without intervention. OBJECTIVE To determine whether cognitive therapy or a self-help booklet given in the initial months after a traumatic event is ...

OBJECTIVES Presently, there is no consensus on endpoint measures to assess clinical outcomes for pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). This study reviewed the endpoints used in the registration trials of approved drugs for pediatric UC. METHODS The primary efficacy endpoints of all registration trials completed from 1950 to 2008 that led to Food and Drug Administration approval for indications i...

The steadily falling costs of genome sequencing, coupled with the growing number of genetic tests with proven clinical validity, have made the use of genetic testing more common in clinical practice. This development has necessitated nongeneticist physicians, especially primary care physicians, to become more responsible for assessing genetic risks for their patients. Providing undergraduate me...

In previous publications, we reported that students learned about Egyptian architecture and society by playing an educational game based on a virtual representation of a temple. Students played the game in a digital dome or on standard desktop computer and (each) then recorded a video tour of the temple. Those who had used the dome recited more facts in their videos (P < 0.05). In this study, w...