The studies on the merits of processing instruction (PI) and output-based instruction (OI) have mostly treated the two approaches as mutually exclusive. To address the potentials of combining interpretation and production activities, this research compared the two isolated approaches of PI and OI with two combined approaches in which processing and output tasks were used in two opposite orders ...

In this paper we present an output-sensitive algorithm to maintain the view of a set of c-oriented polyhedra under insertions into or deletions from the set. (A set of polyhedra is c-oriented ifthe number of different orientations of its edges is bounded by some constant c.) Cyclic overlap in the scene is aJlowed and the polyhedra may even intersect. The time needed for an update is 0« k + 1) l...

We explored novel automatic evaluation measures for machine translation output oriented to the syntactic structure of the sentence: the BLEU score on the detailed Part-of-Speech (POS) tags as well as the precision, recall and F-measure obtained on POS n-grams. We also introduced Fmeasure based on both word and POS ngrams. Correlations between the new metrics and human judgments were calculated ...

The concept of devicevs. task-orientation allows to identify subtasks that are especially prone to errors. Device-oriented tasks occur whenever a user interface requires additional steps that do not directly contribute to the users’ goals. They comprise, but are not limited to, initialization errors and postcompletion errors (e.g., removing a bank card after having received money). The vulnerab...

This paper presents a formal framework for process-oriented modeling and analysis of organizations. The high expressivity of a sorted predicate logic language LPR used for specifying process-oriented models allows representing a wide range of process-related concepts (e.g., tasks, processes, resources), their characteristics and relations over them, which are described in the paper. Furthermore...

We present a novel, fully-discriminative method for curvilinear structure segmentation that simultaneously learns a classifier and the features it relies on. Our approach requires almost no parameter tuning and, in the case of 2D images, removes the requirement for hand-designed features, thus freeing the practitioner from the time-consuming tasks of parameter and feature selection. Our approac...

The information extraction tasks for the ARPA TIPSTER program center on automatically filling object-oriented data structures, called templates, with information extracted from free text in news stories (for discussion of templates and objects, see "Template Design for Information Extraction" in this volume). With text as input, the TIPSTER systems first detect whether the text contains relevan...

The growing need for computationally demanding systems triggers the development of various network-oriented computing systems organized in a distributed manner. In this work we concentrate on one kind of such systems, i.e. publicresource computing systems. The considered system works on the top of an overlay network and uses personal computers and other relatively simple electronic equipment in...

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activity while healthy subjects performed three different tasks, each of which alternated between: (i) phases relying on stimulus-oriented thought (i.e. cognitive processes provoked by incoming sensory information); and (ii) phases relying on stimulus-independent thought (i.e. cognitive processes that were not related to any inf...

Object-oriented models of complex physical systems can have a very large number of equations and variables. For some applications, only a few output variables of the model are of actual interest. This paper presents an application of the well-known Tarjan’s algorithm, that allows to automatically select the minimal set of equations and variables required to compute the time histories of selecte...