Rapid and complete relaxation is a prerequisite for cardiac output adaptation to changes in loading conditions, inotropic stimulation, and heart rate. In the healthy human heart, the rate and extent of relaxation depend mainly on actomyosin cross bridge dissociation and on left ventricular end-systolic volume, rather than on the afterload level.

PURPOSE Despite the increasing popularity of marathon running, there are no data on the responses of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to exercise in this context. We sought to establish whether marathon performance is associated with the ability to sustain high fractional use of maximal SV and CO (i.e, cardiac endurance) and/or CO, per meter (i.e., cardiac cost). METHODS We measured...

Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute, and it is dependent on the heart rate, contractility, preload, and afterload. Understanding of the applicability and practical relevance of each of these four components is important when interpreting cardiac output values. In the present article, we use a simple analogy comparing cardiac output with the speed of a bicycle to he...

In this paper it is shown that for the purpose of nonlinear power amplifier behavioural modelling, the sampling rate can be set to the Nyquist rate of the input signal, rather than to the Nyquist rate of the output signal by making use of Zhu’s generalized sampling theorem. This claim is supported by measurements on a basestation power amplifier. The findings are that the model error obtained w...

This work explores some distributional properties of aggregate output growth-rate time series. We show that, in the majority of OECD countries, output growth-rate distributions are well-approximated by symmetric exponential-power densities with tails much fatter than those of a Gaussian. Fat tails robustly emerge in output growth rates independently of: (i) the way we measure aggregate output; ...

In this study, turning operation of Monel K500 copper-nickel super-alloy was evaluated. Ceramic cutting tools with two different cutting noses (conventional and wiper) were utilized. At first, the experimental tests were designed by using central composite design method. After implementation of the tests, the statistical models for output data (surface roughness, cutting force, and flank wear) ...

The consumption Euler equation implies that the output growth rate and the real interest rate are of the same order of integration; i.e., if the real interest rate is I(1), then so is the output growth rate and hence log output is I(2). To estimate the natural rates and gaps of macroeconomic variables jointly, this paper develops the multivariate Beveridge–Nelson decomposition with I(1) and I(2...

Nonminimum Phase Discrete Time Models Yuping Gu and Masayoshi Tomizuka Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract This paper is concerned with performance enhancement of tracking control systems by multi-rate control. The feedback controller is updated at the same rate as the sampling r...