It is unclear whether military shoes (combat boots and sports shoes) attenuate loading rate or affect force transfer during walking. Therefore, this study compared ground reaction forces (GRF) related to impact between combat boots, shoes, running shoes. Ten army recruits walked over a walkway with two plates embedded. GRF were measured when walking barefoot (for data normalisation) Loading rat...

Abstract Prolonged microgravity exposure greatly weakens the bones and muscles of astronauts. This is a critical biomechanical issue for astronauts as they may be more prone to bone fractures. To combat this issue, lower body negative pressure (LBNP) concept that generates artificial gravitational forces help strengthen during long-term spaceflight. Negative pressure, defined below ambient appl...

The reaction forces at the tungsten support probes of a platinum microwire are determined by numerical analysis for different push-pull sliding velocities and contact pressures. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tool ANSYS Workbench is used to evaluate stresses, deformations microwire. nonlinear formulations implemented ensure that maintained with during motion, transfer frictional between surfaces...

We report a method of calculating the motion error of a linear motion bearing stage. The transfer function method, which exploits reaction forces of individual bearings, is effective for estimating motion errors; however, it requires the rail-form errors. This is not suitable for a linear motion bearing stage because obtaining the rail-form errors is not straightforward. In the method described...

Small knee flexion angles at initial contact and large ground reaction forces during landing have been identified as risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries that are common in sports. This study investigated the effects of knee extension constraint on knee flexion angle and ground reaction forces for patients who were 4-6 months post ACL reconstruction surgery, and also...

A humanoid robot should be able to keep balance even in the presence of disturbing forces. Studies of human body reaction patterns to sudden external forces (impacts) are useful for developing balance control strategies. In this paper, we show how to implement two such reaction patterns, called ankle and hip strategy, using a small humanoid robot. Simple dynamical models in the sagittal plane a...

Starting from the detailed catalytic mechanism of a biocatalyst we provide a coarse-graining procedure which, by construction, is thermodynamically consistent. Œis procedure provides stoichiometries, reaction ƒuxes (rate laws), and reaction forces (Gibbs energies of reaction) for the coarse-grained level. It can treat active transporters and molecular machines, and thus extends the applicabilit...