In-vitro fertilization (IVF) relies heavily on controlled ovarian stimulation to increase the number of available oocytes and embryos, and therefore the pregnancy rate. However, the side effects, such as nausea, mood swings, menopausal symptoms, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and potential cancer risk of ovarian stimulation may not be avoided. Therefore, the recovery of immature oocy...

Ovarian Hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most serious and life threatening complication of ovulation induction and is a major concern and challenge for physicians involved in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The main complication of OHSS is intravascular fluid and protein out flow into third space. Human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) increases vascular permeability by indir...

Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an assisted reproductive technology in which oocytes are retrieved from the antral follicles of unstimulated or minimally stimulated ovaries. IVM of human oocytes has emerged as a promising procedure. This new technology has advantages over controlled ovarian stimulation such as reduction of costs, simplicity, and elimination of ovarian hyperstimulation syndr...

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by increased ovarian angiogenesis and vascularity. Accumulating evidence indicates that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is increased in PCOS and may play an important role in these vascular changes and the pathogenesis of this disease. Placental growth factor (PlGF), a VEGF family member, has not been previously characteri...

Ovarian stimulation is performed in assisted reproductive technology (ART) to increase the yield of oocytes and embryos. The stimulation involves a daily hormonal injection, which causes discomfort and inconvenience to the patients. The medication is expensive and the treatment requires frequent ultrasound scans and medical visits. Ovarian stimulation also exposes the patients to the risk of ov...

Bemfola® (Finox AG, Switzerland), biosimilar follitropin alfa, is a biological medicinal product similar to the originator Gonal-f® (Merck Serono, Germany). Clinical efficacy was demonstrated in an assessor-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, multi-centre, phase III study conducted in women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques on 15 centres in six European countries. (1) Clinical equiva...

The December 2002 issue of Fertility and Sterility contains three papers on the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), including a commentary by Dr. Meldrum (1). Dr. Meldrum summarizes his paper by stating that “we can . . . move on to developing new ways to prevent and treat this dangerous condition.” Undoubtedly, the fertility community is still plagued by this complication of ovarian stim...

Maternal adnexal torsion in pregnancy, with a reported incidence of 1-10 per 10,000 spontaneous pregnancies, is very uncommon. Since it has been described as a severe complication after controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF), it is more common in IVF pregnancies. This condition mainly occurs in the first trimester; it is rare during the late second trimester. Cons...

Background: Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immune deficiency, described as Job`s syndrome characterized by increased serum levels of IgE, eczema, recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections. In this paper, we presented a case of Hyper IgE syndrome.Case Presentation: A 16-year-old Iranian boy presented with a one year history of skin lesions in knees and elbows was diagnosed of pso...