Metacercariae of an unidentified species of Apophallus Lühe, 1909 are associated with overwinter mortality in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792), in the West Fork Smith River, Oregon. We infected chicks with these metacercariae in order to identify the species. The average size of adult worms was 197 × 57 μm, which was 2 to 11 times smaller than other described Apophallus species...

Polyandry, i.e. mating with multiple males within one reproductive event, is a common female mating strategy but its adaptive function is often unclear. We tested whether polyandrous females gain genetic benefits by comparing fitness traits of monandrous (mated twice with a single male) and polyandrous (mated twice with two different males) female bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus. We raised t...

Corn rootworm (CRW) beetles exhibit a univoltine life cycle. Feral adults deposit their eggs into the soil of cornfields during July and August where they undergo diapause and overwinter. The following spring eggs hatch beginning in late May and continuing on into the middle part of June. Larvae of the new generation feed on developing corn roots. After reaching the third instar larvae pupate i...

rates of nulliparous (empty and unpigmented abdomens) (9) adult midges observed when suction light traps (Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa) were used on cattle farms during April– May 2007 (4). We identifi ed a breeding site for the primary BTV vector in a cowshed in northern Europe (10). Vectors feed on blood, overwinter inside cowsheds (1), lay eggs, and larvae ...

We examined the multivariate life-history trajectories of age 0 and age 1 female Gambusia affinis to determine relative effects of age-based and environment-based cues on reproductive investment. Age 0 females decreased reproductive investment prior to the onset of fall and winter months, while age 1 females increased reproductive investment as the summer progressed. The reproductive restraint ...

We describe and analyze a spatially explicit, individual-based model for the local population dynamics of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi). The model simulated daily growth, mortality, movement and spawning of individuals within a reach of stream. Juvenile and adult growth was based on consumption bioenergetics of benthic macroinvertebrate prey; benthic macroinvertebrate densities were a functio...

Abstract Global decline in insect pollinators, especially bees, have resulted extensive research into understanding the various causative factors and formulating mitigative strategies. For commercial beekeepers United States, overwintering honey bee colony losses are significant, requiring tactics to overwinter bees conditions designed minimize such losses. This is important as overwintered res...