Hexavalent chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in industry, while trivalent chromium (III) is used as a nutritional supplement. CrVI is generally considered more toxic and carcinogenic than its trivalent form and the toxicity of this metal is associated with free radical processes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The detailed mechanism of ROS formation by chromium and its compounds...

This study examines the initial oxidation routes of the three major reduced sulfur compounds (CH(3)SH, CH(3)SCH(3), and CH(3)SSCH(3)) by the nitrate radical using density functional and ab initio methods. Stationary points along each reaction pathway are examined using different levels of theory and basis sets to ensure the convergence of the results. Kinetics calculations follow on the determi...

Organoselenium compounds have been pointed out as therapeutic agents. In contrast, the potential therapeutic aspects of tellurides have not yet been demonstrated. The present study evaluated the comparative toxicological effects of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 and diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2 in mice after in vivo administration. Genotoxicity (as determined by comet assay) and mutagenicicity wer...

The ceramic materials of CaLa8Ti9O31 and Ca2La4Ti6O20 were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures were determined from powder diffraction data using direct space methods. Like in similar compounds of the general formula AnBnO3n+2, the title compounds are composed of perovskite-like slabs, separated by oxygen-rich layers, where Ca or La occupy the A site.

The liver is the major organ for removal of intestinally derived bacteria and toxic compounds, such as endotoxin, oxidants, and pro-oxidants. To detoxify these hazardous compounds, the liver contains high levels of low molecular weight antioxidants and enzymes that degrade reactive oxygen species. Reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidas...

High mineralization degree of organic compounds can be achieved by a novel environmentally-friendly full heterogeneous Pd-Fe catalytic system, which involves in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide from formic acid and oxygen, and oxidation of organic compounds by Fenton process in a one-pot reaction.

A novel copper-catalyzed oxidative desulfurization reaction of thiocarbonyl compounds, using molecular oxygen as an oxidant and leading to formation of carbonyl compounds, has been developed, and the utility of the process is demonstrated by its application to the preparation of a carbonyl-18O labeled sialic acid derivative.

Cathodic hydroxylation of organoboron compounds was successfully performed under an oxygen atmosphere, producing the corresponding phenol derivatives with high selectivity and efficiency.

Control of cellular function is extremely complex, being reliant on a wide range components. Several these are small oxygen-based molecules. Although reactive compounds containing oxygen usually harmful to cells when accumulated relatively high concentrations, they also instrumental in the control activity myriad proteins, and both upregulation downregulation gene expression. The formation one ...

Background: Avian spermatozoa are characterized by high proportions of poly unsaturated fatty acid, associated with increased susceptibility to Reactive Oxygen Species and lipid peroxidation. Recent advances in poultry reproduction have focused on the potential of Reactive Oxygen Species as one of the prime mediators of infertility. Oxidative stress is the result of imbalance between the Reacti...