Beside neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, secondary surfactant deficiency may occur in patients with mature lungs. Recent studies revealed quantitative and qualitative changes of lung surfactant in pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) concerning the total phospholipids content in BAL fluid, alterations in surfactant phospholipids classes and a large-to-small aggregates ratio. Reduced expression...

The air embolism in this case was likely to have been caused by positioning the patient in a prone position, which was associated with the lesion to be biopsied being at a maximum height over the left atrium. Due to the resulting negative pressure, air entered through a fistula that formed between the airspace and the pulmonary vein. The air could have been trapped in the left atrium by positio...

A63-year-old woman was transferred to Brigham and Women’s Hospital with massive saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed by chest CT scan. She was being treated at a suburban hospital for ulcerative colitis manifested by 10 episodes of bloody diarrhea daily. The diagnosis of PE was suspected when she suffered sudden onset of syncope and hypotension, followed by arterial oxygen desaturation and ...

Sir, pulmonary emboli, weight-adjusted thrombolytic Acute pulmonary embolism is potentially fatal unless therapy was given. Patient 4 presented with syncope treated early. Thrombolytic therapy is beneficial for and shortness of breath. Electrocardiogram revealed patients with acute pulmonary embolism who are an S 1 O 3 T 3 pattern, and echocardiogram showed hypotensive and have arterial hypoxae...

The first part of this review deals with the basic mechanisms and factors determining hypoxaemia and hypercapnia and the different approaches used in clinical practice and in clinical research to assess the presence of ventilation-perfusion mismatching, shunt and diffusion limitation for oxygen, and more specifically the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), in pulmonary medicine. T...

Perfluorocarbon emulsions are being clinically evaluated as artificial oxygen carriers to reduce allogeneic blood transfusions or to improve tissue oxygenation. Perfluorocarbon emulsions are efficacious in animal experiments, and in humans they are well tolerated and at least as successful to reverse physiologic transfusion triggers than autologous blood. Perfluorocarbon emulsions may be used i...

Major obstruction to pulmonary artery blood flow such as occurs in massive pulmonary embolism is usually accompanied by a sharp decline in arterial blood oxygen tension. This phenomenon has long been recognized, and over 25 years ago Mendlowitz suggested that it was due to a decrease in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane to oxygen transfer." Later Turino and his associates stat...

INTRODUCTION Coexistence of pulmonary embolism and systemic arterial embolism suggest the diagnosis of paradoxical embolism which suggests the presence of intracardiac defects such as patent foramen ovale (PFO). CASE PRESENTATION A 42 year old man was found to have a paradoxical embolism in the systemic arterial circulation, in the setting of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ...

conclusions our anesthesia method was sciatic and femoral nerve block under double ultrasonic and nerve stimulator guidance. case presentation in this case report, we present a patient who had tibia and fibula fractures and a symptomatic severe critical aortic stenosis which was diagnosed during a preoperative visit. the patient had exertional dyspnea, palpitations and fainting history, but he ...

We report a case of possible venous air embolism (VAE) during trans pars plana vitrectomy with air-fluid exchange of the vitreous cavity. Shortly after initiation of air-fluid exchange, decreases in end-tidal CO2, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure were observed. The patient rapidly progressed to cardiac arrest unresponsive to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and recovered after the applicatio...