At a resting pulse rate the heart consumes almost twice-as much oxygen per gram tissue as the brain and more than 43 times more than resting skeletal muscle (1). Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cannot sustain anaerobic metabolism. Balancing oxygen demand with availability is crucial to cardiac function and survival, and regulated gene expression is a critical element of maintaining this ...

10.1586/EOP.11.32 Oxygen is fundamental to animal life. It is a prerequisite for the production of biological energy through cytoplasmic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, typically as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to fuel metabolic reactions. ATP is generated on demand, requiring a continuous supply of oxygen, so hypoxia may be simply defined as a state of oxygenation that...

Energy metabolism and its relation to survival of the infective juveniles (IJ) of S. carpocapsae under anaerobic and oxygen-deficient conditions were studied by monitoring changes in survival rate, levels of key energy reserve materials, oxygen consumption, and respiratory quotient (RQ). The effects of various factors on the survival of IJ under anaerobic conditions were also investigated. Unde...

We investigated the influence of oxygen demand (developmental stage) and supply (hypoxia, water flow rate, the chorion and body movements) on the oxygen concentration within the boundary layer next to the chorion of embryos or skin of larvae of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Oxygen microelectrodes were used to measure dissolved oxygen (DO) within the boundary layer of trout embryos and la...

Positron emission tomography was performed using an oxygen-15 gas inhalation technique to measure regional cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate for oxygen, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral blood volume in 13 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage during the period of delayed vasospasm after surgery as well as in 10 volunteers as controls. Compared with the controls, the patients showed de...

O XYGEN IS combined in many solid chemical forms, but only a few of these have the capa,city to readily release pure oxygen. One such group is composed of t,he alkali and alkaline earth peroxides, sup.eroxides and o,zonides. A second group is composed of the chlorates and perchlorates of the same metals. The former group releases oxygen upon reaction with water or cartoon dioxide and can be cla...

Jarosite [(Na+, K+, NH4+, H3O+)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6] is an efficient scavenger for trace metals in Fe- and SO42--rich acidic water. During the biosynthesis of jarosite promoted by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, the continuous supply of high oxygen levels is a common practice that results in high costs. To evaluate the function of oxygen in jarosite production by A. ferrooxidans, three groups of batc...

The most basic goal of anaesthetists and intensivists is to assure that there is an adequate supply of oxygen to the mitochondria throughout the body to maintain aerobic metabolism and cellular function. The determination of adequate oxygenation has historically been monitored by the absence of organ dysfunction because techniques were not available to assess quantitatively the oxygenation of t...

In five well-trained and five sedentary control subjects potential subendocardial blood supply was estimated from the diastolic pressure time index (DPTI) and myocardial oxygen demands from the tension time index (TTI) during a progressive near-maximal treadmill test. DPTI/TTi was used to assess the effects of training on myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance. DPTI/1TI was significantly highe...