The Notch signaling pathway is a very conserved system that controls embryonic cell fate decisions and the maintenance of adult stem cells through cell to cell communication. Accumulating evidence support the relevance of Notch signaling in different human diseases and it is one of the most commonly activated signaling pathways in cancer. This review focuses mainly on the role of Notch3 signali...

The multidrug resistance protein Mdr1b in rats is upregulated during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy or after endotoxin treatment. We hypothesize that up-regulation of Mdr1b in these models is TNF–dependent. The mechanism of Mdr1b activation by TNFis unknown as TNFcan signal through various pathways, including NFB and p53, transcription factors for which binding sites in the Mdr1b ...

One of the physiologic consequences of excessive UV radiation (UVR) exposure is apoptosis. This critical response serves to eliminate genetically injured cells and arises, in part, from activation of DNA damage and p53 signaling. Other contributory pathways, however, likely exist but have not been fully characterized. In a recent global screen of UVR response genes in melanocytes, we identified...

Autophagy is an indispensable mechanism of the eukaryotic cell, facilitating the removal and renewal of cellular components and thereby balancing the cell's energy consumption and homeostasis. Deregulation of autophagy is now regarded as one of the characteristic key features contributing to the development of tumors. In recent years, the suppression of autophagy in combination with chemotherap...

A veritable explosion of primary research papers within the past 10 years focuses on nucleolar and ribosomal stress, and for good reason: with ribosome biosynthesis consuming ~80% of a cell's energy, nearly all metabolic and signaling pathways lead ultimately to or from the nucleolus. We begin by describing p53 activation upon nucleolar stress resulting in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The si...

Preimplantation development of the mammalian embryo consists of stages that include formation of the <span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: ArialM...

The pivotal role of p53 in the regulation a vast array cellular functions has been subject extensive research. biological activity is not strictly limited to cell cycle arrest but also includes homeostasis, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. Thus, mutations gene with loss function represent one major mechanisms for cancer development. As expected, due its key role, expressed throughout huma...

backgroud: protein-protein interaction, plays a key role in signal transduction in signaling pathways. different approaches are used for prediction of these interactions including experimental and computational approaches. in conventional node-edge protein-protein interaction networks, we can only see which proteins interact but ‘structural networks’ show us how these proteins interact which ca...

The discovery of multiple signaling cascades downstream of Atm may lead to a clearer understanding of the diverse defects seen in ataxia-telangiectasia. These pathways - which include evolutionarily conserved Chk1 and Atr, and non-conserved p21, p53 and AbI - guard genomic integrity after DNA damage.

Abstract Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are now the most common cause of childhood cancer–related deaths. Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) among lethal brain with a 5-year survival rate only 20%. MYCN pHGGs represent one subgroup an unmet need for therapeutics. belongs to family MYC transcription factors that regulate numerous cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, apoptosis, ...