the establishment as well as the survival of mobile ad-hoc networks relies on the cooperation of nodes for performing network operations such as routing and packet forwarding. in these networks, misbehaving nodes can severely degrade network’s performance by not cooperating in networking operations. in this paper, we study the issue of node misbehavior in packet forwarding. to counter this type...

People who drop out of high school fare worse in many aspects of life. We analyze the relationship between dropping out of high school and the probability of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Previous studies on the relationship between dropout status and sexual outcomes have not empirically addressed unobserved heterogeneity at the individual level. Using fixed effects estima...

This study examined the relationship between communication patterns and retention among families (n=18) receiving family therapy. Those that attended 12 sessions were labeled completers (n=6), 4-8 sessions were middle dropouts (n=6), and 1-3 sessions were early dropouts (n=6). Audiotape recordings of the first therapy session were transcribed. The content (positive or negative) and total percen...

We study the dynamics of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating near threshold and with isotropic optical feedback, using a model developed by San Miguel, Feng, and Moloney @Phys. Rev. A 52, 1728 ~1995!#. The model couples the polarization state of the electric field to the semiconductor medium by including the magnetic sublevels of the conduction and valence bands in the quantum we...

In longitudinal clinical trials, missing data are mostly related to dropouts. Some dropouts appear completely at random. The source for other dropouts is withdrawal from trials due to lack of efficacy. For the latter case, the analyses of the actual observed data and completers can produce bias. One of the approaches to comply with the intent-to-treat principle is the imputation of incomplete d...

The dropout problem has recently been the focus of considerable concern and the subject of much re search. Nevertheless, the lack of a careful and systematic assess ment of the consequences of dropping out still exists. The pur pose of the present study was to examine the personal, social, and economic consequences of dropping out of school. The High School and Beyond (HS&B) data base was used ...

We examined whether participants who failed to complete a simulated drive because of simulator sickness (dropouts) differed from those who completed the simulation (completers). Thirteen healthy older adult dropouts (mean age = 74.8 yr) and 12 comparable completers were compared on the following variables: on-road driving performance, the Useful Field of View test, the Attention Network Test, a...