Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) has emerged to establish communication between intelligent vehicles. The high mobility of vehicles and existing of obstacles in urban area make the communication link between vehicles to be unreliable. In this environment, most geographical routing protocols does not consider stable and reliable link during packet forwarding towards destination. Thus, the netwo...

We present m-limited forwarding, a technique to reduce the cost of disseminating information in a power-constrained environment by limiting the cardinality of the subset of nodes which retransmit a packet. We show how this technique can be used to improve the performance of ad hoc routing protocols. m-AODV applies m-limited forwarding to the AODV routing protocol, and is used for networks with ...

In this paper we present a location-based routing protocol called Partial-partition Avoiding Geographic Routing-Mobile (PAGER-M), for mobile sensor networks that consist of frequently moving sensors. The protocol uses the location information of sensors and the base station to assign a cost function to each sensor node, which is close to the Euclidean length of a sensor node’s shortest path to ...

In this paper, we propose an architecture for the MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)-based micro-mobility management including label switched path setup, packet forwarding, handoff processing, and paging. In order to prevent packet loss during handoff, we propose two packet recovery mechanisms, namely: buffer time-based packet recovery and medium access control (MAC) layer assisted packet re...

Abstract-Wireless Networking is technology in which two or more computers are communicating with each other. MANET is one of the types of wireless networking. There are many types of attacks which are possible to be triggered in MANET. In this paper we will focus on selective packet drop of selective forwarding attack. This packet reduce throughput of the system. A novel technique will be propo...

Ethernet forwarding loops are dangerous. Packets can be trapped in a loop and cause network congestion and instability. Furthermore, packet forwarding can be disrupted due to the pollution of forwarding tables. In this report, we show that the “count-to-infinity” behavior in Ethernet’s Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) can lead to a temporary forwarding loop. Additionally, we identify the cau...

Recent vehicular routing proposals use real-time road traffic density estimates to dynamically select forwarding paths. Estimating the traffic density in vehicular ad hoc networks requires the transmission of additional dedicated messages increasing the communications load. These proposals are generally based on unicast sender-based forwarding schemes. The greedy nature of sender-based forwardi...

Abstract—In the architectural design of a communication technology the assignment of responsibilities to its different modules or layers is a key issue. The modularization and assignment of functions to modules has a strong impact on the system performance. In this paper, we address data forwarding as a key responsibility of a VANET’s (Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork) communication device. More specif...

Existing position-based unicast routing algorithms which forward packets in the geographic direction of the destination require that the forwarding node knows the positions of all neighbors in its transmission range. This information on direct neighbors is gained by observing beacon messages each node sends out periodically. Due to mobility, the information that a node receives about its neighb...