this case report presents an eight-year-old girl having periauricular swelling and severe pain during mouth opening on the right-side temporomandibular joint (tmj). cbct showed extensive destruction of the base of the skull and the roof of the glenoid fossa on the right side. the findings based on ct and mri images with and without contrast are discussed herein. this report highlights a skull b...

ganglion cysts commonly occur around the shoulder, mostly in the spinoglenoid and suprascapular notches. we report a very rare case of intra articular ganglion cyst of the long head of the biceps tendon that originated from the bicipital groove as a rare cause of shoulder pain.

primary adrenal lymphoma is extremely rare. we report a case with primary bilateral adrenal lym-phoma in a young male patient. he presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. pathologic study revealed malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell type (t- cell origin). patient recieved combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy but 22 months after diagnosis died because of progression of dis ease

a middle-aged woman with the chief complaints of dysnea and chest pain was referred to our center. chest x-rays and computed tomoram revealed a mass in the posteriof mediastinum, which was excised in toto. pathologicat report of the specimen labeled it as normal thyroid tissue (aberrant thyroid).

actinomycosis can involve all parts of the urogenital system. urachal actinomycosis rarely reported and was mistaken with urachal adenocarcinoma. we report a case of urachal actinomycosis that presented with abdominal pain and underwent laparotomy with the diagnosis of urachal malignancy pathology reviewed the diagnosis of urachal actinomycosis. patient had no problem in two years follow up.

Accumulating evidence suggests that empathy for pain recruits similar neural processes as the first-hand experience of pain. The pain-related P2, an event-related potential component, has been suggested as a reliable indicator of neural processes associated with first-hand pain. Recent evidence indicates that placebo analgesia modulates this component for both first-hand pain and empathy for pa...

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a genetic disorder typically characterized by pulmonary cysts, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas, and renal tumors. We report case of an 87-year-old male patient with known diagnosis BHD large pericardial cyst who presented to the emergency room chest pain. classically associated cysts not cysts. In this report, we highlight potential independently cause retrosternal ...

BACKGROUND Self-report is the best indicator of pain; however, pain is more difficult to assess in noncommunicative patients who may be receiving mechanical ventilation or sedated and unable to report pain. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the validity and sensitivity of 6 pain scales (Adult Nonverbal Pain Scale; Behavior Pain Scale [BPS]; Comfort Scale; FACES; Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolabil...