A nonverbal false belief task was administered to children (mean age 5 years) and two great ape species: chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). Because apes typically perform poorly in cooperative contexts, our task was competitive. Two versions were run: in both, a human competitor witnessed an experimenter hide a reward in one of two containers. When the competitor then lef...

Electrospun nanofiber membranes are employed in a variety of applications due to its unique features. the nanofibers' characterizations effected by polymer solution. The used solvent for dissolving powder is critical preparing precursor In this paper, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based nanofibers were prepared concentration 10 wt.% using various solvents (NMP, DMF, and DMSO). surface morphology, por...

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (CH3CO·O2NO2, abbreviated as PAN) is a trace molecular species present in the troposphere and lower stratosphere due primarily to pollution from fuel combustion and the pyrogenic outflows from biomass burning. In the lower troposphere, PAN has a relatively short lifetime and is principally destroyed within a few hours through thermolysis, but it can act as a reservoir and c...

Presented here is an investigation into the successful wet spinning and carbonization of a low-cost textile grade (TG-PAN) polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer blended with more traditional carbon fiber (CF-PAN) precursor. Both were performed using continuous pilot scale facilities directly analogous to larger industrial processes which provide validation for further scale-up. The precursor fibers (...

Fusion of skeletal elements provides markers for timing of growth and is one component of a chimpanzee's physical development. Epiphyseal closure defines bone growth and signals a mature skeleton. Most of what we know about timing of development in chimpanzees derives from dental studies on Pan troglodytes. Much less is known about the sister species, Pan paniscus, with few in captivity and a w...

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is the systemic necrotizing vasculitis on small and median muscular vessels. Recent studies reveal that PAN consists of classical PAN and microscopic polyangitis (MPA). MPO-ANCA, which is one of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), is involved in the pathogenesis of MPA. In future, by the progress of research of ANCA, the definition or criteria of systemic vas...

The anti-synchronization of identical Pan systems (Pan, Xu and Zhou, 2010) has been investigated in this paper and new results have been derived by sliding mode control. In this paper, we first derive a general result for the anti-synchronization of identical chaotic systems. As an application, we derive antisynchronizing sliding controller for identical Pan systems. A numerical example using M...