Since introduced by Berenger [1], the Perfectly Matched Layers method (PML) has become a popular approach for non reflecting Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABC) in the numerical solution of the Maxwell equations on unbounded domains. However, most of the formulations only concern parallelepiped or simply convex domains. The goal of this paper is to present the theory for non necessarily convex ...

Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for the development or deterioration of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Smoke-induced increased generation of reactive oxygen species may be involved. However, it remains to be clarified how orbital fibroblasts are affected by cigarette smoking. Our study demonstrated that Graves' orbital fibroblasts have exaggerated response to cigarette smoke extrac...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules as they contain unpaired electron(s). They are formed by different cellular processes are involved in intracellular signalling, and are tightly regulated. A large number of antioxidant systems act as protective mechanism. Situation in which balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed in favour of the oxidants is termed ‘oxid...

yperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. A recent national survey found a prevalence of 0.5% in the general US population. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, which accounts for 80% to 90% of cases. Three treatment options currently are available for patients with Graves’ disease: radioiodine therapy, antithyroid drugs, and thyroidectomy. The clinician should choo...

Background Graves' hyperthyroidism affects 0.2% of pregnant women. Establishing the correct diagnosis and effectively managing Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy remains a challenge for physicians. Main The goal of this paper is to review the diagnosis and management of Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. The paper will discuss preconception counseling, etiologies of hyperthyroidism, thyr...

An immunofluorescence study using unfixed cryostat sections of rat pituitary glands was carried out on sera from 34 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 28 patients with Graves' disease, 10 patients with thyroid adenoma and 50 healthy subjects. After absorption of sera with rat liver tissues, 19 of 34 patients retained reactivity to anterior pituitary cell antibodies (PCA, 55.8%). On the othe...

Very little is known about the microbiology of graves. We have taken the opportunity to investigate this subject by taking advantage of the unusual opportunity afforded by the experimental burial of pigs in a forensic experiment. Selected microbial characteristics of soils from the 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths of the graves of three pigs and of control soils have been determined 430 days after buri...

Graves disease has a myriad of known symptoms, ranging from typical symptoms —such as anxiety, palpitations, diaphoresis, weight loss, heat intolerance, and muscle weakness—to less common symptoms such as high-output heart failure and cholestasis. A delay in the recognition of the underlying thyroid disease causing these symptoms can result in fatal consequences. We report a 36-year-old patient...

Previous studies have suggested that there is an overproduction of triiodothyronine (T(3)) relative to thyroxine (T(4)) in patients with thyrotoxicosis associated with Graves' disease. To evaluate whether or not an increased ratio of T(3) to T(4) in thyroidal secretion could be contributing to this relative T(3) hyperproduction, T(3), T(4), and iodine were measured in thyroglobulin (Tg) from co...

Maternal Graves' disease is relatively uncommon with an estimated incidence of 0.4%-1% of all pregnancies, but only 1-5% of newborns delivered to mothers with Graves' disease develop overt clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Here, we describe a case of a 1380-gram female neonate who was born at 30-week gestation to a mother with Graves' disease. Our patient presented with hyperthyro...