Magnetic susceptibility measurements are often the first characterization tool that researchers turn to when beginning assess magnetic nature of a newly discovered material. Breakthroughs in instrumentation have made collection high quality data more accessible than ever before. However, analysis remains common challenge for newcomers field magnetism. While comprehensive treatment theoretical a...

We report a cathodoluminescence (CL) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of the formation calcium vacancies (VCa) hydroxyl ion (VOH) in hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanobelts selectively doped with Fe3+ ions by substituting Ca(II) HAp lattice. Additionally, we paramagnetic behavior Fe concentrations lower than 1 atomic percent (at.%), besides absence superparamagnetism even at around 12 at...