Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrinopathy resulting from inappropriately high PTH secretion. It usually results from the presence of a single gland adenoma, multiple gland hyperplasia or rarely parathyroid carcinoma. All these conditions require different management, and it is important to be able to differentiate the underlined pathology, in order for the clinicians to prov...

Intravagal undescended parathyroid adenomas are rare, with only few cases reported in the English literature. Although the success rate of initial parathyroid surgery is very high in expert surgical hands (up to 98% for conventional four-gland surgery and 97% for focused minimally invasive surgery) there is a need for some patients to have a re-operation. This group represents approximately 2-7...

Abstract Aim CT imaging is increasingly used in the pre-operative localisation of abnormal parathyroid glands. Parathyroid glands typically enhance arterial phase and washout delayed phase. The aim this novel study was to analyse classify all various enhancement patterns. Method 42 patients underwent a three-phase which identified 45 subsequently had surgical excision histological assessment. H...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is predominantly caused by a single parathyroid adenoma. Knowledge of normal and ectopic locations of parathyroid glands is crucial to help guide surgeons who plan targeted unilateral parathyroidectomy to reduce surgical time and risk. We describe a female patient with clinical primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent a failed initial parathyroidectomy, with subsequ...

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BACKGROUND The sodium bicarbonate infusion test evaluates the function of the parathyroid glands. The present study aims to evaluate the range of parathyroid response in healthy individuals and the potential influence of various factors. METHODS Fifty healthy volunteers were subjected to the test. Levels of vitamin D, calcium, albumin, and PTH were measured before infusion. PTH was measured a...

A 47-year-old woman presented with extreme hypercalcaemia due to a parathyroid carcinoma. An electrocardiogram which was recorded when the hypercalcaemia was associated with hypokalaemia showed absence of the ST segment, prolonged T wave, a shortened QTac interval and prominent U waves.

Parathyroid glands from cases of hyperparathyroidism have been examined with particular attention to mast cells. In ;normal' glands accompanying an adenoma they were common, although there was a wide range in their frequency, whereas in pathological tissue, both adenoma and hyperplasia, mast cells were scarce. This difference between glands was examined with respect to alterations in gland size...

because of superficial location and not being covered by boney structure, thyroid is the ideal organ for 2-dimensional gray scale ultrasonography. availability of relatively low cost equipment and ever increasing number of endocrinologists with expertise in thyroid ultrasound has made it an integral part of thyroid practice in the office of endocrinologists. in particular, the current recommend...