the effect of marital counseling on marital satisfaction of parents of mental retarded children     jenaabadi h [1] *     received: 15 mar , 2012 accepted: 14 jun , 2012    abstract   background & aims: parents of mental retarded children have many problems in maintenance, training and education of their children. these problems have negative impact on parent’s mental health and marital satisfa...

evaluation of parental satisfaction of nursing care in thalassemic children tavasoli sh1, alhani f2 received: 16 july, 2010 accepted: 25 oct, 2010 abstract background & aims: hospitalization for parents and children causes anxiety. therefore, evaluation of parents' satisfaction concerning their child's nursing care is necessary. observing parental satisfaction is important in determin...

background: the aim of this study was to assess the infant oral health (ioh) related knowledge, attitudes and practices (kap) of parents in udaipur, india. materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 470 parents visiting the department of pediatrics, rabindranath tagore medical college and hospital. a 32-item questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteri...

objectives: the objective behind this study was investigating the relationships between family functioning and psychological hardiness in parents of exceptional children versus parents of normal children. methods: the study was causal-comparative. population included all parents of normal and exceptional students in bojnurd city studying in ordinary and exceptional schools in the academic year ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Studies on the effects of moderate prenatal exposure to cadmium (Cd) on birth outcomes have been contradictory and it has been suggested that effects may be partly masked by sex-specific effects. Our aim was to examine the association of Cd exposure in a large group of pregnant women with birth outcomes in the whole group of participants and by sex. METHODS Pregnant women were ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked exposure to early socioeconomic adversity to depression, but the mechanisms of this association are not well understood. Locus of control (LoC), an individual's control-related beliefs, has been implicated as a possible mechanism, however, longitudinal evidence to support this is lacking. METHODS The study sample comprised 8803 participants from a UK co...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a possible link between exposure to influenza in utero and bipolar disorder in adulthood. Using data from a prospective birth cohort, we aimed to test for an association between exposure to gestational influenza and the experience of hypomania assessed in early adulthood. METHODS We used data on 2957 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of P...

OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between timing of adiposity rebound (AR; the period in childhood where BMI begins to increase from its nadir) and adiposity (BMI, fat mass) at age 15 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). METHODS The sample consisted of 546 children with AR derived in childhood and BMI and fat mass index (FMI; fat mass measured by dual-en...

OBJECTIVE Maternal antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of childhood behavioural and emotional problems in offspring; it remains unclear to what extent this is due to a maternal biological impact on foetal development. Here, we compare associations between maternal and paternal antenatal depression and anxiety with offspring anxiety disorders, thus controlling for...

BACKGROUND Low IQ is associated with an increased risk of suicide and suicide attempt in adults, but less is known about the relationship between IQ and aspects of suicidal/self-harm behaviours in adolescence. METHODS We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population-based prospective UK cohort. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models wer...