city parks play an important role in the welfare of metropolitan people. higher species richness of birds can be considered as a reflection of the health of the park and may satisfy visitors to a higher extent being in a more natural environment. we studied the influence of area and shape of city parks on bird species richness and diversity. 13 parks from among the 35 main city parks in isfahan...

The generation of ecosystem services depends on both social and ecological features. Here we focus on management, its ecological consequences, and social drivers. Our approach combined (1) quantitative surveys of local species diversity and abundance of three functional groups of ecosystem service providers (pollinators, seed dispersers, and insectivores) with (2) qualitative studies of local m...

In this paper, we investigate whether people's knowledge of the past influences their preferences and values towards future landscape change. "Knowledge of the past" is one aspect of the information set held by individuals, and a well-established finding in economics is that changes in information can change preferences and values. The particular aspects of knowledge of the past we work with he...

Ice has been a serious obstacle and problem for the construction of hydraulic and marine structures, lighthouses, and the like in cold regions. For these structures, ice forces are the major design criteria. Because the ice loads caused by sea ice on offshore structures have been fully reviewed a few times, they are purposely set aside in this paper. Instead, two major problems are discussed he...

This paper analyzes the question: what does it take for science parks and technology districts to evolve and grow? We propose an analytical framework to examine the gestation, evolution and sustainability of science parks and related but broader regional phenomena such as technology districts. The framework comprises three aspects of a science park’s development: growth mechanisms, level of tec...

Global warming is big issue of this time. It is caused by producing emissions, mainly carbon dioxide. Many organizations tries to establish restrictions to limit CO2 emissions. Our aim is to monitor underground parking lots and detect level of carbon dioxide using wireless sensor network. Gained results are drawn in the map of pollution of monitored area.

Public support is crucial for successful implementation of wastewater reuse projects. This paper analyses the findings of a questionnaire-type survey (256 participants) conducted to determine the attitude of Israeli urban public towards possible urban reuse options. The paper summarises the support/objection to 13 reuse options and the correlation between support and environmental awareness and...

Determining the performance of ecosystem services at the city or regional level cannot accurately take into account the fine differences between green or gray structures. The supply of regulating ecosystem services in, for instance, parks can differ as parks vary in their land cover composition. A comprehensive ecosystem service assessment approach also needs to reflect land use to consider the...