For years, Portuguese public institutions, such as hospitals, offer free parking for employees, patients and visitors. Due to the economic pressure that the country is facing, public institutions are now being pressured to charge for parking. Such measure has been socially contested as free parking has been interpreted as a labor right. However, it is a fact that public institutions cannot keep...

This paper seeks to systematically explore the efficiency of the uncoordinated information-assisted parking search in urban environments with two types of parking resource facilities: inexpensive but limited facilities (public) and expensive yet unlimited ones (private); an additional cruising cost is incurred when deciding for a public facility but failing to actually utilize one. Drivers deci...

An estimated 30 % of urban traffic is caused by search for parking spots [8]. Suggesting routes along highly probable parking spots could reduce traffic. In this paper, we formalize parking search as a probabilistic problem on a road graph and show that it is NP-complete. We explore heuristics that optimize for the driving duration and the walking distance to the destination. Routes are constra...

Illegal use of reserved parking spaces represents a major obstacle to the independence and mobility of people with physical disabilities. Using an ABACACA reversal design, the daily rates of illegal parking in four reserved spaces were examined across three types of sign displays: (a) a vertical sign alone or in combination with (b) a message sign that announced the possibility of public survei...

This paper describes a semi-automatic parking system, which can designate target position by recognizing parking lot markings. Driver is able to designate or refine the target position by drag&drop based novel user interface. Peak pair detection and clustering in Hough space recognize marking lines. Specially, one-dimensional filter in Hough space is developed to incorporate a priori knowledge ...

The purpose of this study is to determine what type of preventative maintenance for a concrete parking structure will produce the maximum economic benefit. Existing models for concrete deterioration are analyzed for their accuracy in predicting the service lives of concrete structures and a model appropriate for concrete parking structures is selected. The selected model is modified to account ...

The importance of detection of parking space availability is still growing, particularly in major cities. This paper deals with the design of a distributed wireless camera system for the management of parking spaces, which can determine occupancy of the parking space based on the information from multiple cameras. The proposed system uses small camera modules based on Raspberry Pi Zero and comp...

Parking lot occupation detection using vision systems is a very important task. Many systems use different sensors and their combinations to find out whether the parking lot or space is occupied or not. Using CCTV systems makes it possible to monitor great areas without a need of many sensors. In this paper, we present a method that uses the boosting algorithm for car detection on particular pa...

The Parking Services program for the City of Eugene currently hires DePaul security guards to patrol downtown Eugene parking facilities in order to record incidents and deter criminal activity. This paper conducts analysis to determine the existence of a deterrent effect from increased security presence, in addition to assessing the efficacy and efficiency of Parking Servicesʼ security guard al...

The Intelligent Parking Assistant (IPA) system helps the user chose, find and pay for parking. IPA automatically fetches parking lot information from a relevant service, automatically assesses if the vehicle is stopped, evaluates if stopped inside a payed parking lot, and automatically initiates payment for the parking. IPA is published via the MOBiNET platform: A European-wide ITS platform off...