Abstract The objective of our paper is to analyse the political activity Polish, and Slovak, women in EP elections; we aim determine, among other things: whether gender quotas are a decisive factor for women’s electoral success, or do factors result an increase/decrease number female candidates MEPs? What particular characteristics representing Poland, Slovakia, EP? was their path Which (conser...

The Irish party system has been an outlier in comparative politics. Ireland never had a left-right divide parliament, and for decades, the dominant centrist political parties competed around centre-right policy agenda. absence of explicit competition suggested that voters, on average, occupy preferences. Combining survey data since 1973 all election studies between 2002 2020, we show average vo...

After the 2019 European Parliament (EP) election, Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) party grouping experienced a major change in its representation leadership, with wholescale departure of core British Conservative MEPs. Yet ECR remained an important coherent transnational federation Strasbourg, acting as strong voice for conservatism Europe distinct from Christian Democracy radical right. Wit...

In April 2022, Marine Le Pen, the leader of National Ally, not only entered second round French presidential election again, but also achieved a new high in results far-right parties with 41.45% votes. Similarly, June parliamentary elections, Ally’s seats increased from 9 to 89, which is undoubtedly further affirmation Ally reform. Since 2011, Pen who has carried out top-down reform put forward...

Abstract A pioneering study by Loewen et al . made use of the Canadian legislature's newly instituted lottery, which enabled non-cabinet Members Parliament (MPs) to propose a bill or motion. Their used this lottery in order identify causal effect proposal power on incumbents' vote share next election. Analyzing first two parliaments found that benefits incumbents, but only incumbents who belong...

2. Clause 1 of the proposed Scotland bill is widely seen to fall short of the Smith Commission’s recommendations to make the Scottish Parliament permanent in UK legislation. Instead, the commitment is to “recognise” a Scottish Parliament as a permanent part of the UK’s constitutional arrangements, without containing sufficient provisions to actually render the parliament permanent, for instance...

This paper briefly reviews the history and development of compounds, tiltrotors and hingeless rotors. Largely through a quirk of history, the compound has been neglected for over three decades. The mission performance potential of the compound is re-examined based on basic aerodynamic principles and by surveying recent NASA and Army mission design studies. A rational case can be made that the c...

ably yield a ragtag crew of Parliamentarians, as people who were offered up as cannon fodder are unexpectedly swept into office. The 2011 federal election proved no exception as political pundits were left mulling the incongruities and merits of an extremely diverse demographic mix of Members of Parliament (MPs). There were, for example, a record seven university students elected to office (inc...

During the past three months Members of Parliament have had before them several Bills dealing with matters directly or indirectly connected with mental health. News of the progress of the Mental Health Bill itself is reported elsewhere in this issue. The Legitimacy Bill, a private members' Bill, was given its second reading on 30.1.59 and was referred to a Standing Committee. The main purpose o...

During the past few months a very wide variety of topics with at least some mental health aspect has been discussed in Parliament. While some have reflected controversy, others, in particular the Mental Health Bill, have been accorded a wide measure of general agreement. In the Debate on the Queen's Speech, (Hansard 31.10.58), the present level of crime was subjected to a factual analysis. The ...