BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Catheterization (CVC) for temporary vascular access, preferably using the right internal jugular vein, is widely accepted by nephrologists. However CVC is associated with numerous potential complications, including death. We describe the finding of a rare left-sided partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection during central venous catheterization for ...

THE 4 forms of interatrial comnmunication -ostium secundum, ostium primum, common atrium, and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection-are associated with clinical symptoms and signs and radiologic, electrocardiographic, anid physiologic features that permit proper differential diagnosis in most instanees. The usual type of atrial septal defect, ostium secundum, is by far the most common for...

THE 4 forms of interatrial comnmunication -ostium secundum, ostium primum, common atrium, and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection-are associated with clinical symptoms and signs and radiologic, electrocardiographic, anid physiologic features that permit proper differential diagnosis in most instanees. The usual type of atrial septal defect, ostium secundum, is by far the most common for...

THE 4 forms of interatrial comnmunication -ostium secundum, ostium primum, common atrium, and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection-are associated with clinical symptoms and signs and radiologic, electrocardiographic, anid physiologic features that permit proper differential diagnosis in most instanees. The usual type of atrial septal defect, ostium secundum, is by far the most common for...

THE 4 forms of interatrial comnmunication -ostium secundum, ostium primum, common atrium, and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection-are associated with clinical symptoms and signs and radiologic, electrocardiographic, anid physiologic features that permit proper differential diagnosis in most instanees. The usual type of atrial septal defect, ostium secundum, is by far the most common for...

Background Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare cyanotic abnormality that accounts for about 1%–3% of congenital heart disease malformations. TAPVC condition in which there no direct between all four veins and the left atrium but makes abnormal connections to right or systemic system. caused high mortality rate 80% first year life, 50% them die within 3 months after bir...

OBJECTIVE A lateral tunnel-total cavopulmonary connection (LT-TCPC) using a right atrial (RA) free wall is the first choice of treatment for patients with a small body weight in this institute. Whether the growth of the LT is appropriate or not according to the growth of the body remains controversial. In addition, the optimal initial diameter of an LT is unknown. The purpose of this study was ...