After studying the effect of function on the strength of tendon repairs in dogs, Mason and Allen (1941) concluded that immobilisation was necessary for two or three weeks. This had been taught by Mayer (1938) and was followed by Koch (1943) and Bunnell (1948). Since then Miller (1942), Farquharson (1950), Rank and Wakefield (1953), Nemethi (1956), Kelly (1959), Flatt (1959), and Clarkson and Pe...

A set of supports were screened for the immobilization of a partially purified extract of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus sp. These supports, namely, Eupergit, Amberlite, alginate, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol- (PVA-) based matrices (Lentikats), and sol-gel, have proved effective for the implementation of some other enzyme-based processes. The initial criterion for selection of promising supports ...

Introduction: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a data-oriented method for measuring and benchmarking the relative efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. DEA was initiated in 1978 when Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) demonstrated how to change a fractional linear measure of efficiency into a linear programming format. This non-parametric app...

Despite their sustainability, the potential of biocatalytic processes in industrial production is far from being realized. The main challenges this field are development highly active, robust, and stable biocatalysts, efficient regeneration cofactors, prevention biocatalyst deactivation under harsh conditions. In addition to engineering, enzyme cell immobilization plays a crucial role process f...

Microbial-mediated nitrogen (N) dynamics is not only a key process for crop productivity, but also driver N losses. Therefore, better understanding of and controlling factors in different soil types needed to manage fertilization fields. To achieve this, 15N tracing approach was used quantify simultaneously occurring transformation rates four agricultural trials (>20 years chemical fertilize...