AIMS Passive smoking is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study estimates CHD mortality and morbidity attributable to passive smoking in Germany and demonstrates variations in the number of estimated deaths depending on underlying assumptions. METHODS AND RESULTS Prevalence of passive smoking from the German National Health Survey, CHD deaths from national m...

In this work, the low cost synthesis of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rods is described, and the performances of this new passive sampling device (in laboratory and in situ) are compared to the passive stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) for the monitoring of pesticides from different classes (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides) in surface waters. The influence of synthesis parameters of PDM...

the existence of passive makers in kurdish language, similar to that of ancient iranian languages can be very helpful in linguistic studies, language change and finding the nature of passive structures in modern iranian languages such as persian. the writers of this article have found a passive maker in kurdish language and its dialects such as sorani, ardalani, kalhori, ilami and horami that l...

Over time, leg prostheses have improved in design, but have been incapable of actively adapting to different walking velocities in a manner comparable to a biological limb. People with a leg amputation using such commercially available passive-elastic prostheses require significantly more metabolic energy to walk at the same velocities, prefer to walk slower and have abnormal biomechanics compa...

sublingual nitroglycerin (tng) has been introduced as a promising provocative agent for tilt table testing, but it has not been compared directly with the standard isoproterenol (iso) infusion test previously. we tried to assess the diagnostic value and safety of tng tilt testing as compared with iso infusion in patients with unexplained syncope. tng and iso tilt tests were performed in two suc...

Gastrointestinal absorption and disposition of ketones is complex. Recent work describing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) following oral ingestion of a ketone monoester ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) found multiple input sites, nonlinear disposition and feedback on endogenous production. In the current work, a human systems pharmacology model for gastrointesti...

A pair of two-level systems initially prepared in different thermal states and coupled to an external reversible work source do not in general reach a common temperature at the end of a unitary work extraction process. We define an effective temperature for the final nonequilibrium but passive state of the bipartite quantum system and analyze its properties.

whether or not there is a verbal passive construction in persian has been ‎highly controversial. traditional grammarians and most linguists have ‎argued that there is a structural passive construction in persian, similar to ‎that observed in english. within the framework of the minimalist ‎program, but more in the spirit of emonds’s (2006) division of analytic ‎passives into verbal and adjectiv...

passive solar systems such as solar chimneys need solar radiation in order to work. therefore, they cannot present stable natural ventilation when solar energy vanishes: to have a more robust and stable condition, solar energy should be stored during the day and released back during the night. phase change materials can save additional thermal energy during the day and release it during the nig...