Charge mosaic membranes, which possess distinct cationic and anionic domains that traverse the membrane thickness, are capable of selectively separating dissolved salts from similarly sized neutral solutes. Here, the generation of charge mosaic membranes using facile layer-by-layer assembly methodologies is reported. Polymeric nanotubes with pore walls lined by positively charged polyethylenimi...

In Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the mosaic structure of the penA gene (encoding penicillin-binding protein 2 [PBP 2]), which is composed of fragments of the penA genes from Neisseria cinerea and Neisseria perflava, has been significantly associated with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins, particularly oral cephalosporins. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid assay for the detection of...

Faba bean is a major grain legume widely cultivated in many countries.There are a large number of viruses damaging faba bean crop. In this survey, during 2011-2012 growing seasons, to determine the distribution of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), 630 samples were collec...

Viruses are the most common causes of diseases affecting cucurbits in New York. These diseases result in losses through reduction in growth and yield and are responsible for distortion and mottling of fruit , making the product unmarketable. A complex of viruses is able to infect cucurbits, a plant group that includes cucumber , melon , squash, pumpkins , and watermelon. The most important viru...

Background The envelope protein (E protein) of dengue virus is responsible for binding the virus to the host cell. This protein is considered an important immunogen for neutralization of the virus, the only able to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies [1]. The aim of this study was to use the Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) as a vector to express, on cowpea plants, Vigna unguiculata L. (...

We previously showed that the movement protein (MP) gene of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is functionally exchangeable for the cell-to-cell transport of the corresponding genes of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Brome mosaic virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Cucumber mosaic virus and Cowpea mosaic virus. We have analysed the capacity of the heterologous MPs to systemically transport the correspon...

Tobacco mesophyll protoplasts were transfected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA in an electric field using a newly devised chamber constructed with gold-coated glass panel electrodes. Up to 95 9/oo of protoplasts subjected to several DC pulses (50 Ixs, 550 to 800 V/cm) while suspended in 0.5 i-mannitol containing 10 ~tg/ml TMV RNA became infected. The treatment did not affect the viability o...

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) RNAs 1 and 2 with deletions in their 3' non‑translated regions (NTRs) have been previously shown to be encapsidated into virions by coat protein (CP) expressed from RNA3, indicating that the 3' NTRs of RNAs 1 and 2 are not required for virion assembly. Here, we constructed various mutants by deleting sequences within the 3' NTR of AlMV subgenomic (sg) RNA4 (same as o...

It is fairly evident that control of the ordinary tobacco mosaic disease {tobacco virus 1) (4)^ may be accomplished with considerable success through the application of all of a number of precautionary measures that have been recommended for the purpose. These measures are directed chiefly against introduction of the virus into the field from various sources where it may be harbored for long pe...

Mosaic techniques have been used to obtain images with a large field of view from video sequences by assembling individual overlapping images. In existing methods of mosaic construction only consecutive frames are aligned. Accumulation of small alignment errors occur, and in the case of the image path returning to a previous position in the mosaic (looping path), a significant mismatch between ...