We develop quantitative optimization criteria for transient digestion processes in simple animal tracts that can be modeled by a semi-batch reactor or plug flow reactor. Specifically, we determine the residence time that optimizes the average net energy intake over the total residence time. The net energy is measured by the total energy intake, less the cost of foraging and digestion. Precise v...

This paper analyses tax competition and tax coordination in a model where capital flows occur in the form of mergers and acquisitions, rather than greenfield investment. In this framework, we show that differences in residence based taxes do not necessarily distort international ownership patterns. Moreover, tax competition yields globally efficient levels of source based corporate income taxes...

Functional quality of the student residence halls has a great deal of importance due to their collective nature and the fact that they are considered as housing units, identifying and defining the role of intermediary spaces on the spatial organization and and spatial consociation of student residence halls which is a compound system of masses and spatial borderlines can bring order to its syst...

Water exchange mechanisms are assessed via modelling the spatial distribution of the mean residence time in lakes and coastal areas. A grid-based numerical solution of the deterministic advection-diffusion-reaction kinetics equation with the ageing of water as transport variable is applied. The composition of residence time from times spent over separate sub-domains is handled as multi-species ...